Nursing Elites

1. Magnesium's major functions in the body would be least likely to include which of the following?

• A. allowing muscles to relax after contraction
• B. assisting the operation of hundreds of enzymes
• C. synthesis of protein in the soft tissues
• D. regulation of body temperature

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Magnesium plays a key role in muscle relaxation, enzyme operation, and protein synthesis, but it is not directly involved in regulating body temperature.

2. A healthcare professional is teaching about implementing a heart-healthy diet to a client who has coronary artery disease. Which of the following foods should the professional recommend to the client?

• A. Baked ham
• B. Processed cheese
• C. Broiled salmon
• D. Canned potato soup

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Broiled salmon is a heart-healthy food due to its high omega-3 fatty acid content, which helps reduce inflammation and improve cardiovascular health. Choices A, B, and D are not recommended for a heart-healthy diet. Baked ham and processed cheese are high in saturated fats and sodium, which can be detrimental to cardiovascular health. Canned potato soup may contain high levels of sodium and preservatives, making it less suitable for a heart-healthy diet.

3. Each statement accurately describes the physical effects of food on periodontal health, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by frequent consumption of monosaccharides
• B. Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by frequent consumption of disaccharides
• C. Poor nutrition has an adverse effect on the periodontium
• D. Chewing soft, spongy foods stimulates salivary flow

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Chewing soft, spongy foods does not stimulate salivary flow; rather, firm, fibrous foods like fruits and vegetables do. Soft foods can stick to teeth, promoting plaque buildup. Choices A, B, and C are accurate: Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by both monosaccharides and disaccharides, while poor nutrition can indeed have adverse effects on the periodontium.

4. Increasing the variety of foods often prevents nutrient excesses and toxicities. A dietary change to eliminate or increase intake of one specific food or nutrient usually alters the intake of other nutrients.

• A. Both statements are true.
• B. Both statements are false.
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The first statement is false because increasing the variety of foods actually helps prevent nutrient excesses and toxicities. The second statement is true because making a dietary change to eliminate or increase the intake of a specific food or nutrient often leads to alterations in the intake of other nutrients. Choice A is incorrect because the first statement is false. Choice B is incorrect because the second statement is true. Choice C is incorrect because the first statement is false, even though the second statement is true.

5. A nurse is initiating continuous enteral feedings for a client who has a new gastrostomy tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Measure the client’s gastric residual every 12 hours.
• B. Obtain the client’s electrolyte levels every 4 hours.
• C. Keep the client’s head elevated at 15° during feedings.
• D. Flush the client’s tube with 30 mL of water every 4 hours.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Flushing the client’s tube with 30 mL of water every 4 hours is essential to maintain tube patency and prevent blockages. This action helps ensure the continuous flow of enteral feedings without obstruction. Measuring the client’s gastric residual every 12 hours (Choice A) is important but not the priority when initiating enteral feedings. Obtaining the client’s electrolyte levels every 4 hours (Choice B) is unnecessary and not directly related to tube feeding initiation. Keeping the client’s head elevated at 15° during feedings (Choice C) is a good practice to prevent aspiration, but tube flushing is more crucial to prevent tube occlusion.

Similar Questions