Nursing Elites

1. Low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are?

• A. associated with being underweight
• B. more prevalent in males
• C. highly predictive of CHD risk
• D. not a good predictor of CHD risk

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Low levels of HDL cholesterol are a strong predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk because HDL helps to remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream. Choice A is incorrect because low HDL levels are not associated with being underweight but rather with increased CHD risk. Choice B is incorrect as low HDL levels are not more prevalent in males but can affect both genders. Choice D is incorrect as low levels of HDL are indeed a good predictor of CHD risk.

2. A nurse is teaching a group of clients who are at risk for heart disease about decreasing saturated fats in their diet. Which of the following fats should the nurse recommend the clients use when cooking?

• A. Palm oil
• B. Peanut oil
• C. Canola oil
• D. Stick margarine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Canola oil is lower in saturated fats compared to palm oil, peanut oil, and stick margarine, making it a healthier option for clients at risk for heart disease. Palm oil is high in saturated fats, peanut oil has a moderate amount of saturated fats, and stick margarine is also high in saturated fats and trans fats, which are not heart-healthy choices.

3. Nurse DMLM is correct in identifying the correct sequence of events during abdominal assessment if she identifies which of the following?

• A. Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation
• B. Inspection, Percussion, Palpation, Auscultation
• C. Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation
• D. Inspection, Auscultation, Palpation, Percussion

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct sequence for abdominal assessment is Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation. Start with Inspection to observe any visible abnormalities, followed by Auscultation to listen for bowel sounds, then Percussion to assess the density of underlying structures, and finally Palpation to feel for any tenderness or masses. Choices A, B, and C have the incorrect sequence of assessment techniques.

4. High blood pressure is defined as systolic and diastolic measurements greater than or equal to:

• A. 140 mm Hg and 90 mm Hg, respectively
• B. 150 mm Hg and 80 mm Hg, respectively
• C. 160 mm Hg and 110 mm Hg, respectively
• D. 180 mm Hg and 120 mm Hg, respectively

Correct answer: A

Rationale: High blood pressure, or hypertension, is typically defined as having a systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher and/or a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Choice B is incorrect because it suggests a higher systolic measurement than the standard definition. Choice C is incorrect as it provides an even higher systolic measurement and a much higher diastolic measurement. Choice D is also incorrect as it suggests extremely elevated blood pressure values, well above the typical definition of hypertension.

5. The past history of Camila would most probably reveal that her premorbid personality is:

• A. schizoid
• B. extrovert
• C. ambivert
• D. cycloid

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

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