low levels of high density lipoproteins hdl are

ATI RN

Proctored Nutrition ATI

1. Low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are?

A. associated with being underweight
B. more prevalent in males
C. highly predictive of CHD risk
D. not a good predictor of CHD risk

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Low levels of HDL cholesterol are a strong predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk because HDL helps to remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream. Choice A is incorrect because low HDL levels are not associated with being underweight but rather with increased CHD risk. Choice B is incorrect as low HDL levels are not more prevalent in males but can affect both genders. Choice D is incorrect as low levels of HDL are indeed a good predictor of CHD risk.

2. What symptom would most likely be associated with late dumping syndrome?

A. abdominal cramps
B. nausea
C. diarrhea
D. confusion

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Confusion is the most likely symptom associated with late dumping syndrome. Late dumping syndrome occurs when blood sugar levels drop rapidly after eating due to rapid gastric emptying. While abdominal cramps, nausea, and diarrhea can occur with dumping syndrome, confusion is specifically linked to late dumping syndrome due to hypoglycemia.

3. A vegan patient might be at risk for deficiency in which of the following nutrients?

A. Vitamin B12
B. Vitamin C
C. Carbohydrates
D. Fiber

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products, so individuals following a vegan diet are at risk of deficiency as they do not consume these sources. Vitamin C, Carbohydrates, and Fiber are not specifically at risk for deficiency in vegan diets as they can be obtained from plant-based sources.

4. A client who follows the dietary laws of Orthodox Judaism is being cared for by a nurse. Which of the following meal choices should the nurse request for the client?

A. Turkey and cheese sandwich
B. Spaghetti with tomato sauce
C. Pork chop and applesauce
D. Scrambled eggs and bacon

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct meal choice for a client following the dietary laws of Orthodox Judaism is 'Spaghetti with tomato sauce.' Orthodox Judaism prohibits mixing meat and dairy and consuming pork. The other choices - 'Turkey and cheese sandwich' (mixing meat and dairy), 'Pork chop and applesauce' (contains pork), and 'Scrambled eggs and bacon' (mixing meat and dairy) - do not adhere to the kosher dietary laws.

5. A nurse is teaching about nutrition to a client who has a new diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?

A. Increase phosphorus intake
B. Limit calcium intake
C. Limit protein intake
D. Increase potassium intake

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct recommendation for a client with chronic kidney disease is to limit protein intake. Excessive protein consumption can strain the kidneys as they work to eliminate waste products from protein metabolism. This can worsen kidney function in individuals with chronic kidney disease. Therefore, limiting protein intake is crucial in managing this condition. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Increasing phosphorus intake can be harmful in kidney disease as it can lead to mineral imbalances. Limiting calcium intake is not typically necessary unless the client has specific complications. Increasing potassium intake may also be inappropriate as potassium levels can be affected in kidney disease.