ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Final Exam
1. In healthy, physically fit women, regular moderate to vigorous exercise during pregnancy is related to __________.
- A. lower birth weight and higher risk of premature birth
- B. suppressed development of the immune system
- C. serious damage to the central nervous system
- D. improved fetal cardiovascular functioning
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In healthy, physically fit women, regular moderate to vigorous exercise during pregnancy is related to improved fetal cardiovascular functioning. Regular exercise has been shown to benefit both the mother and baby by promoting better cardiovascular health and overall well-being during pregnancy. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as exercise during pregnancy, when done appropriately, does not lead to lower birth weight, higher risk of premature birth, suppressed immune system development, or serious damage to the central nervous system. Instead, it is known to have positive effects on fetal development and maternal health.
2. Baby M is 5 months old. You notice that she now has the ability to grasp objects between her fingers and opposing thumb. This is known as:
- A. Parachute reflex
- B. Grasp reflex
- C. Pincer grasp
- D. Prehension
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pincer grasp. The pincer grasp is the ability to hold objects between the thumb and another finger, typically developed around 9-12 months. At 5 months, it is early for a pincer grasp to fully develop, but the beginning of this skill can be seen as early as 5 months. Choices A and B are incorrect as the parachute reflex is a protective response to falling and the grasp reflex is an automatic response to touch. Choice D, prehension, is a general term for the act of grasping or holding objects, but it does not specifically refer to holding objects between the thumb and fingers like the pincer grasp does.
3. Which of the following foods is the best source of omega-3 fatty acids?
- A. Salmon
- B. Chicken
- C. Spinach
- D. Eggs
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Salmon is the correct answer as it is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically EPA and DHA, which are known to be beneficial for heart health. Chicken, spinach, and eggs do not contain significant levels of omega-3 fatty acids compared to salmon. While eggs do contain some omega-3s, the amount is considerably lower than what is found in fatty fish like salmon.
4. A child diagnosed with aplastic anemia is admitted to the hospital. The parents ask the nurse what aplastic anemia is. Which response by the nurse is accurate?
- A. Aplastic anemia causes a proliferation of white blood cells.
- B. Aplastic anemia is characterized by abnormally shaped red blood cells.
- C. Aplastic anemia is caused by the bone marrow producing inadequate cells.
- D. Aplastic anemia is a disorder that occurs after a viral illness.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Aplastic anemia is a condition where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, leading to pancytopenia. This can result in fatigue, infections, and bleeding tendencies. It is not characterized by abnormal red blood cell shapes, but rather by a reduction in the production of blood cells. Therefore, the accurate response is that aplastic anemia is caused by the bone marrow producing inadequate cells. Choices A and B are incorrect as aplastic anemia does not cause a proliferation of white blood cells or involve abnormally shaped red blood cells. Choice D is incorrect as aplastic anemia is not typically a disorder that occurs after a viral illness.
5. A nurse is reviewing laboratory data for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Increased creatinine
- B. Increased hemoglobin
- C. Increased bicarbonate
- D. Increased calcium
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased creatinine. In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys are unable to filter waste effectively, leading to a buildup of creatinine in the blood. This results in increased creatinine levels in laboratory tests. Choice B, increased hemoglobin, is not typically associated with chronic kidney disease. Choice C, increased bicarbonate, is also not a common finding in chronic kidney disease; in fact, metabolic acidosis with decreased bicarbonate levels is more common. Choice D, increased calcium, is not expected in chronic kidney disease; instead, calcium levels may be low due to impaired kidney function.
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