Nursing Elites

1. In healthy, physically fit women, regular moderate to vigorous exercise during pregnancy is related to __________.

• A. lower birth weight and higher risk of premature birth
• B. suppressed development of the immune system
• C. serious damage to the central nervous system
• D. improved fetal cardiovascular functioning

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In healthy, physically fit women, regular moderate to vigorous exercise during pregnancy is related to improved fetal cardiovascular functioning. Regular exercise has been shown to benefit both the mother and baby by promoting better cardiovascular health and overall well-being during pregnancy. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as exercise during pregnancy, when done appropriately, does not lead to lower birth weight, higher risk of premature birth, suppressed immune system development, or serious damage to the central nervous system. Instead, it is known to have positive effects on fetal development and maternal health.

2. During the second trimester, a white, cheeselike substance called __________ emerges on the skin.

• A. lanugo
• B. corpus luteum
• C. vernix
• D. chorion

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During the second trimester of pregnancy, a white, cheeselike substance called vernix emerges on the skin of the developing fetus. Vernix is a protective layer that helps prevent the skin from becoming waterlogged during the time in the amniotic fluid. Choice A, lanugo, is incorrect as lanugo refers to the fine, soft hair that covers the body of a fetus. Choice B, corpus luteum, is incorrect as it is a temporary endocrine structure involved in the menstrual cycle. Choice D, chorion, is incorrect as it is one of the membranes that surround the embryo and later the fetus.

3. Dr. Whiren studies how culture is transmitted to the next generation. Dr. Whiren’s research best aligns with the perspective of which theorist?

• A. Jean Piaget
• B. John Bowlby
• C. Lev Vygotsky
• D. Erik Erikson Answer: C Page Ref: 22 Skill Level: Apply Topic: Recent Theoretical Perspectives Difficulty Level: Difficult

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dr. Whiren's study on how culture is transmitted to the next generation aligns best with the perspective of Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky was a developmental psychologist who emphasized the importance of social interactions and cultural influences in shaping cognitive development. He believed that children learn through interactions with others and that culture plays a significant role in this learning process.

4. Sigmund Freud constructed his psychosexual theory __________.

• A. on the basis of his adult patients' memories of painful childhood events
• B. by conducting studies of animal behavior
• C. on the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents
• D. by carefully observing his own children

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Sigmund Freud constructed his psychosexual theory on the basis of his adult patients' memories of painful childhood events. Freud believed that events in early childhood had a significant impact on an individual's development and personality. He used his patients' recollections of childhood experiences to develop his theories on psychosexual development. Choice B is incorrect as Freud did not base his theory on studies of animal behavior. Choice C is incorrect as Freud's theory was not solely based on interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents. Choice D is incorrect as Freud did not construct his theory by observing his own children.

5. By the twelfth week of pregnancy, __________.

• A. the sex of the fetus can be detected with ultrasound
• B. the mother can feel the movements of the fetus
• C. the fetus is viable and can survive if born early
• D. synchrony between fetal heart rate and motor activity peaks Answer: A Page Ref: 79 Skill Level: Understand Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 6 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: By the twelfth week of pregnancy, the sex of the fetus can be detected with ultrasound. Ultrasound technology allows for visualization of the developing fetus and identification of physical characteristics, such as sex, during prenatal appointments.

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