Nursing Elites

1. Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon __________.

• A. wrote the first book of its time on aging
• B. were among the first to make child development knowledge meaningful to parents
• C. regarded development as a maturational process
• D. constructed the first successful intelligence test Answer: D Page Ref: 14 Skill Level: Remember Topic: Scientific Beginnings Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon constructed the first successful intelligence test, known as the Binet-Simon scale, in an effort to measure a child's intelligence level. This test was groundbreaking at the time and laid the foundation for the development of future intelligence tests.

2. According to Jean Piaget, what is the balance between internal structures and information that children encounter in their everyday worlds?

• A. imitation
• B. adaptation
• C. cognition
• D. equilibrium

Correct answer: D

Rationale: According to Jean Piaget, equilibrium is the balance between what children already know (internal structures) and the new information they encounter. Imitation (choice A) is not directly related to this concept. Adaptation (choice B) involves adjusting to new information and is part of Piaget's theory, but it does not specifically refer to the balance between internal structures and external information. Cognition (choice C) is a broader term that encompasses mental processes, including thinking, learning, and problem-solving, but it is not specifically about the balance between internal structures and external information as equilibrium is.

3. In a historic experiment with 11-month-old Albert, John Watson demonstrated that __________.

• A. children cannot be conditioned to fear a formerly neutral stimulus
• B. infants as young as a few months old will repeat a behavior to obtain a desirable reward
• C. children can be conditioned to fear a formerly neutral stimulus
• D. children have an innate, inborn fear of rats Answer: C Page Ref: 16 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Mid-Twentieth-Century Theories Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the historic experiment with 11-month-old Albert conducted by John Watson, it was demonstrated that children can be conditioned to fear a formerly neutral stimulus. This is known as classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus to create a conditioned response. In this case, Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat by pairing the rat with a loud noise. This experiment showcased the power of conditioning in shaping behavior and emotional responses in children.

4. What increases from early to middle adulthood?

• A. Possible selves
• B. Self-doubt
• C. Destructiveness
• D. Autonomy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Possible selves are ideas about what one might become in the future, which increase during the transition from early to middle adulthood. This period is characterized by individuals exploring and considering different potential future selves. Self-doubt (choice B) typically decreases as individuals become more confident and self-assured in middle adulthood. Destructiveness (choice C) is not a common developmental trend during this period. Autonomy (choice D) is a concept related to independence and self-governance, which may develop over a person's lifespan but does not specifically increase during the transition from early to middle adulthood.

5. In egalitarian marriages, __________.

• A. there is a clear division of roles
• B. partners share power and authority
• C. the husband is the head of the household
• D. the wife is responsible for family economic well-being

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In egalitarian marriages, the correct answer is B - partners share power and authority. This type of marriage promotes equality and balance, where both spouses have an equal say in decision-making and share responsibilities. Choice A is incorrect because egalitarian marriages aim to reduce traditional role divisions. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests a patriarchal structure, which is contrary to the principles of egalitarianism. Choice D is incorrect as it assigns a specific financial role based on gender, which goes against the idea of equal sharing in all aspects of the marriage.

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