Nursing Elites

1. G. Stanley Hall and his student, Arnold Gesell, __________.

• A. discovered that prenatal growth is strikingly similar in many species
• B. launched the normative approach
• C. constructed the first standardized intelligence test
• D. were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

Correct answer: B

Rationale: G. Stanley Hall and his student, Arnold Gesell, launched the normative approach. This approach involves studying large numbers of people of different ages and examining the age-related averages of behaviors to establish norms or typical development patterns. These scholars focused on the systematic observation of how and when certain behaviors appear in children. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the contributions of G. Stanley Hall and Arnold Gesell in the field of developmental psychology.

2. How can families prevent escalating demands that lead to chaos?

• A. Parental multitasking
• B. Eating separate meals
• C. Compression of family routines
• D. High-quality child care that is affordable and reliable

Correct answer: D

Rationale: High-quality child care that is affordable and reliable can help prevent escalating demands on families that lead to chaos. This is achieved by providing a stable and supportive environment for children, enabling parents to balance work and family responsibilities effectively. Access to reliable child care reduces stress and helps in preventing chaos within the family, ultimately leading to improved well-being for both parents and children. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly address the need for external support to manage family demands and prevent chaos. Parental multitasking, eating separate meals, and compressing family routines may not provide the necessary stability and support required to prevent escalating demands on families.

3. When __________, newborn Takeo's toes should fan out and curl as his foot twists in.

• A. a bright light shines in his eyes
• B. his bare foot touches a flat surface
• C. his cheek is stroked near the corner of his mouth
• D. the sole of his foot is stroked from toe to heel

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the description of the twisting and fanning out of newborn Takeo's toes suggests the Babinski reflex, which is typically elicited by stroking the sole of the foot from toe to heel. The Babinski reflex is a normal response in newborns and indicates proper neurological development. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not elicit the specific response described in the question.

4. The lifespan perspective on human development assumes that development is __________.

• A. static and stable
• B. multidimensional and multidirectional
• C. continuous, rather than discontinuous
• D. largely the result of heredity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The lifespan perspective on human development assumes that development is multidimensional and multidirectional. This means that development occurs in various domains (such as physical, cognitive, and psychosocial) and can involve gains and losses as individuals age. This perspective recognizes that human development is complex and dynamic, involving various factors and pathways over the course of a person's life. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because human development is not static and stable (A), can involve both continuous and discontinuous changes (C), and is influenced by a combination of heredity and environment rather than solely by heredity (D).

5. Regarding a baby’s adaptation to labor and delivery, stress hormones __________. Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 21 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e

• A. endanger the newborn
• B. arouse the infant into alertness
• C. cause the cervix to thin and the uterine wall to contract
• D. cause the mother to breathe deeply, increasing the infant’s oxygen supply Answer: B Page Ref: 94 Skill Level: Understand newborn baby’s appearance. Topic: Childbirth Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Stress hormones during labor and delivery actually help arouse the infant into alertness. These hormones can promote the infant's readiness to adapt to the new environment outside the womb.

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