Nursing Elites

1. What is the approximate energy value of alcohol?

• A. 3 kcal/g
• B. 7 kcal/g
• C. 10 kcal/g
• D. 25 kcal/g

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 7 kcal/g. Alcohol provides approximately 7 kilocalories per gram, making it a significant source of energy or 'empty calories' in the diet that do not contain any nutrients. 'Empty calories' refer to the calorie content without the presence of essential nutrients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The energy values of 3 kcal/g, 10 kcal/g, and 25 kcal/g are not accurate for alcohol; instead, they may pertain to other nutrients such as carbohydrates (approximately 4 kcal/g), fats (approximately 9 kcal/g), and oils (approximately 9 kcal/g).

2. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for a low-sodium diet. The client's family has requested to bring in some of the client's favorite foods. Which of the following food items should the nurse tell the family members to omit?

• A. Boiled rice
• B. Flat bread
• C. Broiled fish fillet
• D. Pickled vegetables

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Pickled vegetables.' Pickled vegetables are high in sodium due to the pickling process, making them unsuitable for a low-sodium diet. Boiled rice, flat bread, and broiled fish fillet are generally lower in sodium compared to pickled vegetables and can be included in a low-sodium diet. Therefore, the nurse should advise the family to omit pickled vegetables to adhere to the client's dietary restrictions.

3. What are the best food sources of magnesium?

• A. oils, bananas, and pork
• B. pizza, potatoes, and tomatoes
• C. milk, rice, and apples
• D. legumes, whole grains, and chocolate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: legumes, whole grains, and chocolate. These foods are rich sources of magnesium, an essential mineral that plays a role in over 300 biochemical reactions in the body. Choices A, B, and C do not contain as high levels of magnesium compared to legumes, whole grains, and chocolate.

4. Which of the following provides greater flexibility, better balance, more endurance, and overall better health and greater longevity for older adults?

• A. Eating balanced meals
• B. Not smoking or drinking alcohol
• C. Daily physical activity
• D. Increased intake of calcium and iron

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Daily physical activity. Daily physical activity contributes to better flexibility, balance, endurance, and overall health, helping older adults maintain independence and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Choices A, B, and D, although important for overall health, do not specifically address the benefits of greater flexibility, better balance, more endurance, and greater longevity associated with daily physical activity.

5. Each statement is true of water-soluble vitamins, except one. Which is it?

• A. Act as coenzymes
• B. Deficiencies develop rapidly
• C. Daily intake is necessary
• D. Absorbed in the jejunum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Water-soluble vitamins do not develop deficiencies rapidly because the body does not store them for long periods. They must be obtained through food constantly. Choice A is correct because water-soluble vitamins often act as coenzymes in various metabolic reactions. Choice C is correct as daily intake of water-soluble vitamins is necessary since they are not stored in the body. Choice D is incorrect as water-soluble vitamins are absorbed primarily in the small intestine, particularly in the duodenum and ileum, not the jejunum.

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