ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2023
1. Where in the body are microvilli located, facilitating the absorption of most nutrients?
- A. Stomach
- B. Pancreas
- C. Large Intestine
- D. Small Intestine
Correct answer: D: Small Intestine
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Small Intestine. Microvilli are present in the small intestine, significantly increasing its surface area for efficient absorption of nutrients. The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the body. The stomach (choice A) primarily functions to break down food with its acidic environment but is not where most nutrients are absorbed. The pancreas (choice B) produces enzymes to aid in digestion but does not directly absorb nutrients. The large intestine (choice C) mainly absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food, rather than nutrients.
2. Which of the following is a sign of hypoglycemia?
- A. Rapid, deep breathing
- B. Increased urination
- C. Weakness and confusion
- D. High blood pressure
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Weakness and confusion. Hypoglycemia is characterized by low blood sugar levels, leading to inadequate glucose supply to the brain, resulting in symptoms like weakness and confusion. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Rapid, deep breathing is not typically a sign of hypoglycemia but can be seen in other conditions like respiratory issues. Increased urination is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes mellitus, while high blood pressure is not a typical sign of hypoglycemia.
3. A client has a new prescription for atenolol. Which of the following findings should the nurse instruct the client to monitor for as an adverse effect of this medication?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Hypertension
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Atenolol is a beta-blocker that works by slowing down the heart rate. An adverse effect of atenolol is bradycardia, characterized by a slower than normal heart rate. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for signs of bradycardia, such as a slow heart rate, while taking atenolol. Therefore, the correct answer is to monitor for bradycardia. Tachycardia (Choice A) is not an expected adverse effect of atenolol as it actually reduces heart rate. Hypoglycemia (Choice B) is not a typical adverse effect of atenolol. Hypertension (Choice D) is not an adverse effect of atenolol, as atenolol is commonly used to manage hypertension.
4. During admission, 82-year-old Mr. Robeson is brought to the medical-surgical unit for diagnostic confirmation and management of probable delirium. Which statement by the client’s daughter best supports the diagnosis?
- A. “Maybe it’s just caused by aging. This usually happens by age 82.”
- B. “The changes in his behavior came on so quickly! I wasn’t sure what was happening.”
- C. “Dad just didn’t seem to know what he was doing. He would forget what he had for breakfast.”
- D. “Dad has always been so independent. He’s lived alone for years since mom died.”
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because sudden onset of behavioral changes is a typical symptom of delirium. Delirium is characterized by an acute and fluctuating disturbance in attention, awareness, and cognition. Choice A is incorrect because delirium is not a normal part of aging. Choice C describes memory issues, which can be seen in delirium but are less specific than sudden behavioral changes. Choice D, while it mentions the patient's independence, does not directly support the diagnosis of delirium.
5. The nurse is assessing the patient for respiratory complications of immobility. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Auscultate the entire lung region to assess lung sounds.
- B. Assess the patient at least every 4 hours.
- C. Focus auscultation on the upper lung fields.
- D. Inspect chest wall movements primarily during the expiratory cycle.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Auscultating the entire lung region is the most appropriate action when assessing a patient for respiratory complications related to immobility. This approach helps the nurse identify any abnormalities in lung sounds, such as diminished breath sounds or the presence of secretions. Assessing the patient at regular intervals (choice B) is important but does not specifically address the respiratory assessment needed in this situation. Focusing auscultation on the upper lung fields (choice C) may miss potential issues in other areas. Inspecting chest wall movements primarily during the expiratory cycle (choice D) is not the most effective way to assess lung sounds and identify respiratory complications.