Nursing Elites

1. During the third stage of labor, __________.

• A. the cervix thins to nothing
• B. uterine contractions begin
• C. the placenta is delivered
• D. the baby is born

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During the third stage of labor, the correct answer is C, the placenta is delivered. This stage occurs after the baby is born and involves the expulsion of the placenta from the uterus. Choice A is incorrect because the thinning of the cervix to nothing typically occurs during the first stage of labor. Choice B is incorrect as uterine contractions usually begin during the first stage of labor to help with the dilation of the cervix. Choice D is incorrect because the baby is typically born in the second stage of labor, not the third.

2. Natural childbirth experts Grantly Dick-Read and Fernand Lamaze recognized that cultural attitudes about childbirth had __________.

• A. taught women to fear the birth experience
• B. helped women develop breathing techniques to lessen the pain of labor
• C. taught women that medical intervention was unnecessary in childbirth
• D. helped women focus on child rearing rather than childbirth

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Natural childbirth experts Grantly Dick-Read and Fernand Lamaze recognized that cultural attitudes about childbirth had taught women to fear the birth experience. They believed that this fear contributed to increased pain during labor and advocated for methods to reduce fear and promote relaxation during childbirth. Choice B is incorrect as the focus is on fear, not on techniques to lessen pain. Choice C is incorrect as the experts did not advocate against medical intervention but rather against unnecessary fear. Choice D is incorrect as the experts aimed to change attitudes towards childbirth, not redirect focus to child rearing.

3. Although great diversity characterizes the interests and concerns of investigators who study development, they share a single goal: to identify __________.

• A. genetic factors that contribute to longevity
• B. environmental factors that contribute to disease and illness
• C. those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents
• D. those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because investigators who study development aim to identify the factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death. This goal encompasses various domains such as physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development, highlighting the comprehensive nature of developmental research. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not align with the overarching goal of developmental researchers, which is to understand the factors influencing individuals throughout their lifespan, rather than focusing solely on genetic factors, environmental factors related to disease, or abnormal development in specific age groups.

4. A baby born between the seventh and eighth months of pregnancy __________.

• A. is just as healthy as a full-term baby
• B. usually needs oxygen assistance to breathe
• C. only has about a 10 percent survival rate
• D. is considered small-for-date

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A baby born between the seventh and eighth months of pregnancy is considered premature. Premature babies are born before they are fully developed and may need assistance with breathing, including oxygen. They are at a higher risk for complications compared to full-term babies. Choice A is incorrect because premature babies are at a higher risk for health issues compared to full-term babies. Choice C is incorrect as modern medical advancements have significantly increased the survival rate of premature babies. Choice D is incorrect as being small-for-date does not solely depend on the gestational age at birth.

5. Terrance, whose birth mother drank heavily throughout pregnancy, has a thin upper lip, short eyelid openings, a small head, and a smooth philtrum. His physical growth has been slow, and he shows impairment in memory, attention span, motor coordination, and social skills. Terrance has __________.

• A. fetal alcohol syndrome
• B. partial fetal alcohol syndrome
• C. alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder
• D. cytomegalovirus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Terrance exhibits a combination of physical abnormalities like a thin upper lip, short eyelid openings, a small head, and a smooth philtrum, along with developmental delays and cognitive impairments. These characteristics are indicative of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which is caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. FAS is a severe condition resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure and is characterized by a range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral issues. Choice A, fetal alcohol syndrome, is the correct answer as it aligns with Terrance's symptoms and the effects of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not encompass the full spectrum of symptoms and impairments presented by Terrance, which are specific to fetal alcohol syndrome.

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