Nursing Elites

1. Dana is pregnant with her first child and wonders how much weight she should gain during the pregnancy. You should recommend a healthy diet that results in a weight gain of __________ pounds.

• A. 10 to 15
• B. 15 to 20
• C. 25 to 30
• D. 35 to 40

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The recommended weight gain during pregnancy depends on the pre-pregnancy weight of the mother. For a woman with a normal pre-pregnancy BMI, the recommended weight gain is typically between 25 to 30 pounds. This range is considered healthy to support the growth and development of the baby while also maintaining the mother's health. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they represent weight gain ranges that are either too low or too high for a woman with a normal pre-pregnancy BMI, which could pose health risks for both the mother and the baby. It is crucial to adhere to healthcare professionals' guidelines to ensure a healthy pregnancy and birth outcome.

2. One criticism of Freud's psychosexual theory was that it __________.

• A. did not apply to other cultures
• B. underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings
• C. compared human development to the evolution of the human species
• D. offered too narrow a view of important environmental influences

Correct answer: A

Rationale: One criticism of Freud's psychosexual theory was that it did not apply to other cultures. Freud developed his theory based on observations and cases from his clinical practice in a specific cultural context, mainly Western society. This limited cultural scope raised concerns about the generalizability and applicability of his theories to diverse cultural settings. Choice B is incorrect because Freud's theory actually emphasized the significant influence of sexual feelings on human development. Choice C is incorrect because Freud's theory focused on stages of psychosexual development rather than comparing human development to the evolution of the human species. Choice D is incorrect because Freud's psychosexual theory considered environmental influences, although it primarily centered on internal drives and conflicts.

3. What is the best-known effect of smoking during the prenatal period?

• A. Colic
• B. Respiratory distress at birth
• C. Low birth weight
• D. Delayed language development

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The best-known effect of smoking during the prenatal period is low birth weight. Smoking during pregnancy is a known teratogen that can lead to negative outcomes for the developing fetus, such as growth restrictions resulting in low birth weight. This condition can have significant long-term consequences on the child's health and development. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not the primary effect associated with smoking during the prenatal period. Colic is typically associated with digestive issues, respiratory distress at birth can be caused by various factors other than smoking, and delayed language development is not directly linked to smoking during pregnancy.

4. __________ parenting in particular is linked to emerging adults' psychological well-being.

• A. Overprotective
• B. Permissive
• C. Autonomy-supportive
• D. Helicopter

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Autonomy-supportive parenting, which encourages independence and decision-making skills, is positively linked to the psychological well-being of emerging adults. This style of parenting fosters resilience and self-esteem. Overprotective parenting (choice A) may hinder the development of autonomy and problem-solving abilities, leading to increased anxiety. Permissive parenting (choice B) lacks structure and limits, potentially resulting in difficulties with self-regulation. Helicopter parenting (choice D) involves excessive intervention and control, which can impede the development of self-reliance and confidence.

5. How does physical activity impact mental health?

• A. Reduces anxiety and depression
• B. Improves mood, but decreases alertness
• C. Decreases mood, alertness, and energy
• D. Decreases neural activity in the cerebral cortex

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Physical activity is known to have a positive impact on mental health by reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. Choice B is incorrect because physical activity generally improves both mood and alertness. Choice C is incorrect as physical activity tends to increase mood, alertness, and energy levels. Choice D is incorrect as physical activity actually increases neural activity in the cerebral cortex, which is associated with improved cognitive function and mental well-being.

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