Nursing Elites

1. Dr. Haldol has several patients with schizophrenia who appear to exhibit excessive or distorted characteristics in relation to what one might consider normal functioning. Specific symptoms include varied hallucinations and multiple delusions. According to the DSM-5, these are referred to as?

• A. Flat affect
• B. Positive symptoms
• C. Negative symptoms
• D. Catatonia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Positive symptoms. Positive symptoms in schizophrenia are behaviors or experiences that are added to normal functioning, such as hallucinations and delusions. These symptoms are considered 'positive' because they represent an excess or distortion of normal functions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Flat affect refers to a reduction in emotional expression, negative symptoms involve deficits in normal functioning such as reduced emotional expression or motivation, and catatonia is a state of unresponsiveness.

2. Defense mechanisms ________.

• A. make a person feel more anxious and have more problems, as they begin to act defensively.
• B. are strategies the id uses to try to achieve its desires.
• C. are conscious, intentional attempts to cope effectively with an anxiety-producing event.
• D. help a person feel less anxious, but because they usually work by distorting reality, they are not always adaptive.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because defense mechanisms aim to reduce anxiety but can lead to distortion of reality, making them not always beneficial. Choice A is incorrect as defense mechanisms are meant to reduce anxiety, not increase it. Choice B is incorrect because defense mechanisms are not strategies of the id specifically. Choice C is incorrect as defense mechanisms are often unconscious and not always intentional.

3. What are the potential effects of childhood trauma on adult behavior?

• A. Childhood trauma is typically overcome by adulthood.
• B. Childhood trauma can have long-lasting effects on adult behavior.
• C. Childhood trauma has minimal impact on adult behavior.
• D. Childhood trauma is easily overcome with age.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Childhood trauma can have profound and lasting effects on behavior and mental health in adulthood. It can lead to various issues such as anxiety, depression, PTSD, and difficulties in forming relationships. Choice A is incorrect because childhood trauma doesn't automatically disappear with age. Choice C is incorrect as research shows that childhood trauma can significantly impact adult behavior. Choice D is incorrect as overcoming childhood trauma is usually a complex and challenging process that may require therapy and support.

4. Which parental style is characterized by warmth, control, and communication?

• A. Authoritarian
• B. Permissive/indulgent
• C. Authoritative
• D. Neglectful/uninvolved

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Authoritative. The authoritative parenting style is characterized by a balance of warmth, control, and communication. This style promotes a nurturing environment where parents set clear rules and boundaries while also being responsive to their child's needs. Choice A, Authoritarian, is characterized by strict rules and high control with less warmth and communication. Choice B, Permissive/indulgent, involves high warmth but low control, where rules are not clearly established. Choice D, Neglectful/uninvolved, lacks both warmth and control, with little to no communication or involvement in the child's life.

5. How does stress impact brain function?

• A. Stress has no effect on brain function.
• B. Stress can lead to changes in brain structure and function.
• C. Stress can improve brain function.
• D. Stress has no long-term impact on brain function.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Stress can lead to changes in brain structure and function, affecting mental health and increasing the risk of disorders. Choice A is incorrect as stress does affect brain function. Choice C is incorrect as stress generally has negative impacts on brain function rather than improving it. Choice D is incorrect because stress can have long-term impacts on brain function through structural and functional changes.

Similar Questions