Nursing Elites

1. Colleen found herself attracted to her psychology instructor. She would frequently go by his office just to be near him. When he didn't respond to her advances, Colleen eventually told him that she had thoughts of killing herself so that he would spend time trying to counsel her. What personality disorder best describes Colleen's thinking and behavior?

• A. Borderline personality disorder
• B. Schizoid personality disorder
• C. Schizotypal personality disorder
• D. Antisocial personality disorder

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Colleen's behavior of seeking attention and manipulating others by threatening self-harm to elicit a response from her psychology instructor aligns with the characteristics of borderline personality disorder. This disorder is characterized by unstable relationships, impulsive actions, and efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not match Colleen's behavior as described in the scenario. Schizoid personality disorder is characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, Schizotypal personality disorder involves social anxiety and odd behavior, and Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for others' feelings and violating their rights.

2. Why is it difficult to determine the nature of the relationship between divorce and the psychological functioning of family members?

• A. Cause and effect cannot be determined as preexisting behavioral abnormalities in either the parents or the children may make divorce more likely.
• B. The findings have been too inconsistent to draw any conclusions.
• C. While the effects of divorce are negative on children, the effects on the spouses are generally positive.
• D. Due to modern acceptance of divorce, there has been an ongoing decrease in the negative effects of divorce.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it highlights a crucial factor that makes it challenging to establish a clear cause and effect relationship between divorce and the psychological functioning of family members. Preexisting behavioral abnormalities in either the parents or the children may influence both the likelihood of divorce and the psychological functioning of family members. Choice B is incorrect as it generalizes the findings without specifying the key issue of preexisting conditions. Choice C is incorrect as it oversimplifies the effects of divorce on family members. Choice D is incorrect as it presents a broad statement without addressing the complexities involved in determining the effects of divorce.

3. While having a gene for Parkinson's disease guarantees that Parkinson's disease will develop, this is not the only factor that can lead to Parkinson's disease. In other words, the presence of the gene is a ________, but not a ________.

• A. risk factor; sufficient cause
• B. sufficient cause; necessary cause
• C. necessary cause; risk factor
• D. contributory cause; sufficient cause

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'sufficient cause; necessary cause.' A sufficient cause will inevitably produce the disorder, but it is not the only factor. In this case, having the gene for Parkinson's disease is a sufficient cause, meaning it alone can lead to the development of the disease. However, it is not a necessary cause because Parkinson's disease can still develop without the presence of this gene. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the relationship between the gene and the development of Parkinson's disease as depicted in the question.

4. Which theoretical orientation insisted on the verifiability of observation?

• A. Structuralism.
• B. Functionalism.
• C. Behaviorism.
• D. Psychoanalysis.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Behaviorism. Behaviorism emphasizes observable and measurable behaviors, making it essential for observations to be verifiable. Structuralism (A) focuses on the structure of the mind, not verifiability of observations. Functionalism (B) emphasizes the functions of the mind rather than verification of observations. Psychoanalysis (D) delves into the unconscious mind and conflicts, not specifically on the verifiability of observations.

5. Rita shows better control over her eating habits at 2.5 years than her brother Richard did at the same age. Why?

• A. Girls are naturally smarter than boys.
• B. Second-born children learn faster.
• C. Girls have better fine motor skills.
• D. Boys have better gross motor skills.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because boys typically develop gross motor skills, like running and jumping, more quickly than girls. This can explain why Richard may have had less control over his eating habits compared to Rita at the same age. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not address the specific developmental aspect related to eating habits control mentioned in the question.

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