causes of acute renal failure include

ATI RN

Proctored Nutrition ATI

1. Causes of acute renal failure include:

A. chronic renal failure
B. uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
C. recurrent urinary tract infections
D. severe injury such as extensive burns

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Severe injuries, like extensive burns, can cause acute renal failure due to shock, reduced blood flow to the kidneys, and tissue damage. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because chronic renal failure, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, and recurrent urinary tract infections are more likely to contribute to chronic kidney disease rather than acute renal failure.

2. Worldwide, what is the most common nutrient deficiency?

A. magnesium deficiency
B. iron deficiency
C. selenium deficiency
D. zinc deficiency

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency globally. It leads to anemia and affects many populations, especially women and children. Magnesium, selenium, and zinc deficiencies are important, but they are not as prevalent as iron deficiency on a global scale.

3. You are teaching your clients the difference between Type I (IDDM) and Type II (NDDM) diabetes. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Both types of diabetes mellitus clients are prone to developing ketosis.
B. Type II (NIDDM) is more common and preventable compared to Type I (IDDM) diabetes, which is genetic.
C. Type I (IIDM) is characterized by fasting hyperglycemia.
D. Type II (NIDDM) is characterized by abnormal immune response.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Type II diabetes (NIDDM) is characterized by insulin resistance and a relative lack of insulin. It is not primarily characterized by an abnormal immune response. Option A is incorrect because only Type I diabetes clients are prone to developing ketosis due to a lack of insulin. Option B is incorrect because while Type II diabetes is more common and often preventable through lifestyle changes, it is not solely genetic. Option C is incorrect because Type I diabetes, not Type II, is characterized by fasting hyperglycemia due to an absolute lack of insulin production.

4. Because of increasing cases of fluorosis, low levels of fluoride are added to commercial infant formula. Breast milk provides low levels of fluoride.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. The first statement is true; the second is false
D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The first statement is false; fluoride is not added to infant formulas due to the risk of fluorosis. The second statement is true; breast milk contains low levels of fluoride.

5. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for clients in the acute manic phase of bipolar disorder is:

A. Risk for injury directed to self
B. Risk for injury directed to others
C. Impaired nutrition less than body requirements
D. Ineffective individual coping

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.