Nursing Elites

1. An essential nutrient must:

• A. be eaten every day
• B. be obtained by the diet
• C. be water soluble
• D. be eaten at every meal

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'be obtained by the diet.' Essential nutrients are those that the body cannot synthesize in sufficient quantities and must therefore be obtained through the diet. Choice A is incorrect because not all essential nutrients need to be consumed daily; the frequency of consumption varies. Choice C is incorrect because not all essential nutrients are water-soluble; they can be water-soluble or fat-soluble. Choice D is incorrect because essential nutrients do not need to be consumed at every meal, but rather need to be included in the overall diet regularly.

2. Overweight and obesity often accompany conditions such as _____ that limit mobility or result in short stature, which can lead to feeding difficulties.

• A. Parkinson's disease
• B. muscular dystrophy
• C. Down syndrome
• D. multiple sclerosis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Down syndrome. Down syndrome is often associated with short stature and limited mobility, which can contribute to feeding difficulties and obesity. Parkinson's disease (choice A) primarily affects motor function, but it is not typically associated with short stature. Muscular dystrophy (choice B) primarily impacts muscle strength and does not necessarily lead to short stature. Multiple sclerosis (choice D) is a neurological condition affecting the central nervous system and does not directly cause short stature or feeding difficulties as seen in Down syndrome.

3. Which nutrient deficiency produces microcytic anemia, fatigue, faulty digestion, blue sclerae, pale conjunctivae, and tachycardia?

• A. Zinc
• B. Iron
• C. Sodium
• D. Potassium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A deficiency in iron can lead to various symptoms, such as microcytic anemia, fatigue, faulty digestion, blue sclerae, pale conjunctivae, and tachycardia. Iron-deficiency anemia may be caused by inadequate dietary intake; accelerated demand or losses; and inadequate absorption secondary to diarrhea, decreased acid secretions, or antacid therapy. Iron deficiency is frequently the result of postnatal feeding practices and has a serious impact on growth and mental and psychomotor development in infants and children. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as zinc deficiency typically presents with symptoms like impaired wound healing, taste abnormalities, and hair loss; sodium deficiency can lead to symptoms such as muscle cramps, dizziness, and confusion; and potassium deficiency may cause muscle weakness, fatigue, and abnormal heart rhythms.

4. Which food has the highest calcium content?

• A. soy products
• B. milk
• C. cereal grains
• D. dark green vegetables

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, milk. Milk is known for being one of the best dietary sources of calcium, essential for bone health and various bodily functions. Soy products, cereal grains, and dark green vegetables are good sources of calcium as well, but milk generally has a higher calcium content compared to these options.

5. A healthcare professional has just inserted an NG tube for a client who is to start enteral tube feedings. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take to verify tube placement?

• A. Measure the tube length.
• B. Obtain an abdominal x-ray.
• C. Flush the tube with 20 mL of water.
• D. Auscultate the client’s lungs.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Obtaining an abdominal x-ray is the most accurate method to verify the correct placement of an NG tube. Measuring the tube length is not a reliable method to confirm placement as it may vary among individuals. Flushing the tube with water and auscultating the client's lungs are not definitive methods to ensure proper NG tube placement.

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