Nursing Elites

1. An essential nutrient must:

• A. be eaten every day
• B. be obtained by the diet
• C. be water soluble
• D. be eaten at every meal

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'be obtained by the diet.' Essential nutrients are those that the body cannot synthesize in sufficient quantities and must therefore be obtained through the diet. Choice A is incorrect because not all essential nutrients need to be consumed daily; the frequency of consumption varies. Choice C is incorrect because not all essential nutrients are water-soluble; they can be water-soluble or fat-soluble. Choice D is incorrect because essential nutrients do not need to be consumed at every meal, but rather need to be included in the overall diet regularly.

2. While evaluating the meal choices of a client with major depressive disorder and a prescription of Phenelzine, which of the following selections should the nurse identify as appropriate?

• A. Cheddar cheese
• B. Smoked salmon
• C. Strawberry yogurt
• D. Pepperoni pizza

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Strawberry yogurt.' This choice is appropriate because it does not contain high levels of tyramine, which can lead to a dangerous interaction with Phenelzine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Tyramine-rich foods, like aged cheeses (such as cheddar cheese) and cured meats (like smoked salmon and pepperoni), should be avoided by individuals taking Phenelzine to prevent hypertensive crisis. Strawberry yogurt is a safer option for the client in this scenario.

3. A client with anorexia undergoing radiation therapy is being taught by a nurse. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Limit high-calorie supplements to between meals
• B. Avoid overeating during your 'good' days
• C. Eat hot foods instead of cold foods
• D. Consume nutrient-dense foods first

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client with anorexia undergoing radiation therapy is to consume nutrient-dense foods first. This ensures that the client receives the necessary calories and nutrients. Option A is incorrect because high-calorie supplements should not be limited but rather incorporated wisely into the diet. Option B is incorrect as overeating is not recommended regardless of the type of day. Option C is incorrect as there is no specific preference for hot foods over cold foods in managing anorexia during radiation therapy.

4. Which bond is formed by a positively charged metal ion and negatively charged nonmetal ion?

• A. Ionic bond
• B. Covalent bond
• C. Functional group
• D. Metallic bond

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is an ionic bond. An ionic bond is formed when a positively charged metal ion joins with a negatively charged nonmetal ion, resulting in a transfer of electrons. In contrast, a covalent bond involves sharing electrons between atoms rather than complete transfer. Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that determine the molecule's chemical properties. Metallic bonds occur between metal atoms where electrons are shared across a delocalized electron cloud.

5. A nurse is caring for a client who has a body mass index (BMI) of 30. Four weeks after nutritional counseling, which of the following evaluation findings indicates the plan of care was followed?

• A. BMI of 25
• B. Weight gain of 1.8 kg
• C. BMI of 33
• D. Weight loss of 2.7 kg

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A weight loss of 2.7 kg in four weeks indicates effective adherence to a nutritional plan aimed at reducing body mass index (BMI), moving towards a healthier weight. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because a decrease in weight, as shown in choice D, is the desired outcome when managing a client with a BMI of 30 to reach a healthier range.

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