symptoms of uncontrolled type 1 diabetes include

ATI RN

ATI Proctored Nutrition Exam

1. What are symptoms of uncontrolled type 1 diabetes?

A. Depression, anxiety, and fatigue
B. Increased thirst, urination, and hunger
C. Weight gain, macrosomia, and food cravings
D. Poor wound healing, blurred vision, and recurrent infections

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased thirst, urination, and hunger. Uncontrolled type 1 diabetes typically presents with classic symptoms including polydipsia (increased thirst), polyuria (frequent urination), and polyphagia (increased hunger). These symptoms are often accompanied by weight loss due to the body's inability to properly utilize glucose for energy. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the typical symptoms of uncontrolled type 1 diabetes. Depression, anxiety, fatigue, weight gain, macrosomia, food cravings, poor wound healing, blurred vision, and recurrent infections are not primary symptoms associated with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes.

2. What physiologic role does magnesium play in the body?

A. Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation
B. Calcium homeostasis, structural integrity of heart muscle
C. No known metabolic function, caries-preventing properties
D. ATP energy release; metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins; regulates acid-base balance

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Magnesium plays an important role in maintaining calcium homeostasis and preventing skeletal abnormalities. It is involved in more than 300 enzymatic reactions, including energy metabolism, insulin activity, and glucose use. Magnesium is vital to the structural integrity of heart muscle and other muscles and nerves. While magnesium does play a role in blood clotting, nerve impulses, muscle contraction, relaxation, ATP energy release, and metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, the primary physiologic role of magnesium in the body is related to calcium homeostasis and maintaining the structural integrity of the heart muscle. Choice A is incorrect because it includes functions of magnesium, but they are not its primary physiologic role. Choice C is incorrect as magnesium has several known metabolic functions. Choice D is incorrect because although magnesium is involved in ATP energy release and metabolism, its primary role is related to calcium homeostasis and structural integrity of muscle.

3. Which organ absorbs water and vitamin K and may be affected by ulcerative colitis?

A. Stomach
B. Pancreas
C. Large intestine
D. Small intestine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The large intestine is the organ that is primarily responsible for the absorption of water and vitamin K in the human body. A disease like ulcerative colitis can disrupt these functions by causing inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine, leading to digestive issues. The stomach (Choice A) primarily functions to break down and digest food, not to absorb water and vitamins. The pancreas (Choice B) secretes enzymes to aid in digestion and hormones to regulate blood sugar, but does not absorb water and vitamins. The small intestine (Choice D) is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food, but not specifically water and vitamin K. Therefore, these other choices are incorrect.

4. Which of the following is NOT required on a food label or nutrition facts panel?

A. Nutrition facts panel
B. Ingredients in descending order by weight
C. The % RDA of ALL the vitamins and minerals in the product
D. Essential warnings, such as common allergies

Correct answer: C

Rationale: According to food labeling regulations, every food label or nutrition facts panel must include a nutrition facts panel, list of ingredients in descending order by weight, and essential warnings such as common allergies. However, it is not mandatory to list the % Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of ALL the vitamins and minerals in the product. Only certain vitamins and minerals, deemed significant to public health, are required to be listed. Therefore, the notion that the % RDA of ALL vitamins and minerals must be displayed is incorrect. Choices A, B, and D are required elements on a food label, making them incorrect answers.

5. This study, which is an in-depth study of one boy, is a:

A. case study
B. longitudinal study
C. cross-sectional study
D. evaluative study

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: case study.' A case study involves an in-depth examination of a single individual, group, or event. In this scenario, focusing on one boy aligns with the definition of a case study. The other options are not applicable: B) A longitudinal study involves following subjects over a period of time, C) A cross-sectional study examines a population at a single point in time, and D) An evaluative study assesses the effectiveness of a program or intervention, which is not the focus of the given scenario.