Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is teaching a client who needs to increase their daily fluid intake. Which of the following foods has the highest percentage of water by weight?

• A. Yogurt
• B. Milk
• C. Lettuce
• D. Honey

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Lettuce. Lettuce has the highest percentage of water by weight among the options provided, making it an excellent choice to increase fluid intake. Yogurt and milk have some water content but are not as high in water percentage as lettuce. Honey, on the other hand, contains very little water and is not a good choice for increasing fluid intake.

2. A client receiving continuous enteral tube feeding reports cramping and abdominal distention. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Check for gastric residual.
• B. Apply low intermittent suction.
• C. Increase the rate of the feeding.
• D. Request a higher-fat formula.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a client on continuous enteral tube feeding experiences cramping and abdominal distention, the nurse should check for gastric residual. This assessment helps determine if the client is tolerating the feeding well or if there is a potential issue such as feeding intolerance. Applying low intermittent suction, increasing the feeding rate, or requesting a higher-fat formula are not appropriate actions for addressing the reported symptoms and may exacerbate the client's discomfort or lead to further complications.

3. What is the best snack choice for a preschool-age child?

• A. Fruit snacks
• B. Mini wheat bagel with peanut butter
• C. White toast with jelly
• D. Sports drink

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The best snack choice for a preschool-age child is a mini wheat bagel with peanut butter as it provides a good balance of carbohydrates, protein, and healthy fats. Fruit snacks, although they contain some fruit flavor, are often high in added sugars and lack essential nutrients. White toast with jelly may provide quick energy but lacks protein and healthy fats, which are important for a balanced snack choice. Sports drinks are typically high in sugar and unnecessary for a preschool-age child's snack, as they are designed for rehydration during intense physical activity, not as a regular snack option.

4. Carmen discovers that the DASH diet contains more fiber and ____ compared to that of the typical American diet.

• A. vitamin C
• B. iron
• C. potassium
• D. sodium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'potassium.' The DASH diet is rich in potassium, which helps lower blood pressure, making it more effective than the typical American diet, which is often low in this essential mineral. Choice A, 'vitamin C,' is incorrect as the comparison is about fiber and another nutrient, not vitamin C. Choice B, 'iron,' is incorrect as the discussion is about fiber and a mineral that helps lower blood pressure, not iron. Choice D, 'sodium,' is incorrect as the DASH diet actually focuses on reducing sodium intake for better blood pressure control, so it wouldn't be a nutrient found in higher amounts compared to the typical American diet.

5. A nurse is caring for a client with a thiamine deficiency. Which assessment findings will the nurse expect?

• A. Tachycardia, muscle weakness, and lack of coordination
• B. Swollen lips, cracks in the corners of the mouth, and glossitis
• C. Neuropsychiatric symptoms of delusions and hallucinations
• D. Scaly rash on arms, dementia, and diarrhea

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Thiamine deficiency, also known as Vitamin B1 deficiency, can present with various symptoms. Tachycardia, muscle weakness, and lack of coordination are classic signs of thiamine deficiency due to its role in energy metabolism. Swollen lips, cracks in the corners of the mouth, and glossitis are more indicative of a deficiency in riboflavin (Vitamin B2). Neuropsychiatric symptoms of delusions and hallucinations are characteristic of niacin (Vitamin B3) deficiency. A scaly rash on the arms, dementia, and diarrhea are not typically associated with thiamine deficiency. Therefore, the correct assessment findings for a client with thiamine deficiency are tachycardia, muscle weakness, and lack of coordination.

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