ATI RN
ATI Proctored Nutrition Exam
1. Which of the following are the primary bacteria involved in the initiation of dental caries?
- A. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species
- B. Salmonella and Listeria species
- C. Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Salmonella species
- D. Listeria, Botulinum species, and Escherichia coli
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species. These bacteria are primarily responsible for initiating dental caries by fermenting carbohydrates and producing acids that demineralize enamel. Choice B, Salmonella and Listeria species, are not the primary bacteria involved in dental caries. Choice C includes Salmonella which is not a primary culprit in dental caries. Choice D lists Listeria, Botulinum species, and Escherichia coli, none of which are the primary bacteria associated with initiating dental caries.
2. A healthcare provider is reviewing the laboratory report of a client with a prescription for digoxin. Which result requires withholding the medication?
- A. Digoxin 0.8 ng/mL
- B. Sodium 145 mEq/L
- C. BUN 20 mg/dL
- D. Potassium 3.1 mEq/L
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. A low potassium level (3.1 mEq/L) can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity. Hypokalemia can potentiate the effects of digoxin on the heart, leading to serious dysrhythmias. Choices A, B, and C are within normal ranges and do not indicate a need to withhold digoxin.
3. Sucrose is a:
- A. monosaccharide
- B. disaccharide
- C. polysaccharide
- D. starch
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of one glucose and one fructose molecule.
4. What is a condition where the walls of the arteries in the lungs become thickened and stiff, leading to increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries?
- A. Pulmonary hypertension
- B. Pulmonary fibrosis
- C. Pulmonary embolism
- D. Pulmonary edema
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Pulmonary hypertension is a condition characterized by the thickening and stiffening of the arteries in the lungs, resulting in elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. This condition is distinct from the other choices provided. Pulmonary fibrosis involves scarring of lung tissue, pulmonary embolism is a blockage in the pulmonary artery, and pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs.
5. Inadequate intake of vitamin A occurs in lower socioeconomic groups due to a lack of resources to purchase and consume vegetables and fruits.
- A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
- B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
- C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
- D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. Inadequate intake of vitamin A in lower socioeconomic groups is due to a lack of resources to purchase and consume vegetables and fruits. This is supported by the fact that the average intake in the United States meets the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin A intake, except in lower socioeconomic groups. These individuals often lack the financial means to buy, prepare, and eat a variety of fruits and vegetables, leading to deficiencies. It's important to note that because vitamin A can be stored in the liver, most adults have sufficient quantities to maintain health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the statement and reason are both accurate and logically connected, as the lack of resources directly impacts the ability to obtain necessary sources of vitamin A.