ATI RN
Growth and Development Exam
1. According to ecological systems theory, interactions between Marina and her child, Tyler, occur in the __________. Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 20 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e
- A. microsystem
- B. mesosystem
- C. exosystem
- D. macrosystem Answer: A Page Ref: 23 Skill Level: Apply Topic: Recent Theoretical Perspectives Difficulty Level: Moderate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: According to ecological systems theory, interactions between Marina and her child, Tyler, occur in the microsystem. The microsystem refers to the immediate social context in which an individual lives, such as interactions with family members, friends, and teachers. Marina and Tyler's interactions within their family unit would be considered part of the microsystem.
2. A breastfed infant is being seen in the clinic for a 6-month checkup. The mother tells the nurse that the infant recently began to suck her thumb. Which is the best nursing intervention?
- A. Reassure the mother that this is normal at this age
- B. Recommend the mother substitute a pacifier for her thumb
- C. Assess the infant for other signs of sensory deprivation
- D. Suggest the mother breastfeed the infant more often to satisfy her sucking needs
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Thumb sucking is a normal self-soothing behavior in infants and usually does not indicate a problem. Reassuring the mother that this is normal is the appropriate response.
3. Angie is a disoriented client who frequently falls from the bed. As her nurse, which of the following is the best nursing intervention to prevent future falls?
- A. Tell Angie not to get up from bed unassisted
- B. Put the call bell within her reach
- C. Put bedside commode at the bedside to prevent Angie from getting up
- D. Put the bed in the lowest position ever
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.
4. Today, Albert Bandura's theory stresses the importance of __________.
- A. behavior modification
- B. punishment
- C. cognition
- D. reinforcement
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Albert Bandura's theory emphasizes the role of cognition in learning through observation. It highlights the significance of mental processes such as attention, memory, and motivation in shaping behavior. Choice A, behavior modification, focuses more on changing specific behaviors through various techniques. Choice B, punishment, involves the application of negative consequences to reduce the likelihood of a behavior occurring. Choice D, reinforcement, centers on the use of rewards or punishments to increase or decrease the probability of a behavior.
5. What test uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the heart, allowing doctors to assess its structure and function?
- A. Echocardiogram
- B. MRI
- C. CT scan
- D. X-ray
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is an echocardiogram. An echocardiogram utilizes high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to create images of the heart, enabling doctors to evaluate its structure, function, and detect any abnormalities. MRI (Choice B) uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the body's structures. CT scan (Choice C) combines X-rays and computer technology to create cross-sectional images of the body. X-ray (Choice D) uses electromagnetic radiation to produce images of the internal structures of the body, but it is not the most suitable for assessing the heart's structure and function.
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