Nursing Elites

1. Absorption is the ability to exhale carbon dioxide.

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Absorption is the process of taking in substances such as nutrients or gases. Exhaling carbon dioxide is a part of the process of respiration, not absorption. Therefore, the statement that absorption is the ability to exhale carbon dioxide is false. Choice A is incorrect because absorption does not involve exhaling carbon dioxide. Choice C is incorrect as the concept of absorption can be clearly defined. Choice D is also incorrect as there is a definitive answer to the statement provided.

2. Which of the following substances is involved in the destruction of ingested pathogens?

• A. lymphatic fluid
• B. stomach acid
• C. bicarbonate
• D. lipase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is stomach acid. Stomach acid, also known as gastric acid, plays a crucial role in destroying ingested pathogens due to its high acidity. The low pH of stomach acid helps to kill bacteria and other pathogens that may be present in the food we consume. Lymphatic fluid is involved in immune function and fat absorption, not pathogen destruction. Bicarbonate is a base that neutralizes stomach acid to prevent damage to the stomach lining. Lipase is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of fats but is not involved in pathogen destruction.

3. Testosterone production is regulated by which of the following glands?

• A. Pineal
• B. Thymus
• C. Parathyroid
• D. Pituitary

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Testosterone production is regulated by the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland secretes luteinizing hormone (LH), which stimulates the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone. This hormone is not regulated by the Pineal, Thymus, or Parathyroid glands. The Pineal gland is responsible for secreting melatonin, the Thymus gland is involved in immune function, and the Parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels in the blood.

4. Positive feedback mechanisms usually result in

• A. changes returning values away from a set point.
• B. stable conditions around a set point.
• C. unstable conditions.
• D. long-term changes.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Positive feedback mechanisms usually result in unstable conditions. In a positive feedback loop, the output enhances or amplifies the changes that are occurring, leading to a deviation from the initial set point. Therefore, positive feedback does not bring values back towards the set point (Choice A). Choice B is incorrect because positive feedback does not promote stability around a set point. Choice D is also incorrect as positive feedback mechanisms typically do not lead to long-term changes; instead, they intensify the initial change, causing instability.

5. An individual with which of the following blood type can receive only blood of that same type?

• A. Type O
• B. Type A
• C. Type B
• D. Type AB

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Type O. Individuals with blood type O can only receive blood from donors with blood type O. This is because type O blood lacks both A and B antigens, so if a person with type O blood receives blood with A, B, or AB antigens, their immune system will recognize these as foreign substances and attack them. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because individuals with type A can receive blood from A or O donors, individuals with type B can receive blood from B or O donors, and individuals with type AB can receive blood from A, B, AB, or O donors.

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