Nursing Elites

1. Absorption is the ability to exhale carbon dioxide.

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Absorption is the process of taking in substances such as nutrients or gases. Exhaling carbon dioxide is a part of the process of respiration, not absorption. Therefore, the statement that absorption is the ability to exhale carbon dioxide is false. Choice A is incorrect because absorption does not involve exhaling carbon dioxide. Choice C is incorrect as the concept of absorption can be clearly defined. Choice D is also incorrect as there is a definitive answer to the statement provided.

2. The recent discovery of taste receptors that detect sweetness in the small intestine illustrates that

• A. chemical responses occur in various parts of the body.
• B. new discoveries about anatomy and physiology are still being made.
• C. everything about anatomy and physiology has been discovered.
• D. the molecular and cellular level is crucial in anatomy and physiology.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The recent discovery of taste receptors in the small intestine illustrates that new discoveries about anatomy and physiology are still being made. This finding demonstrates that our understanding of the human body is continuously evolving. Choice A is incorrect because the discovery does not imply that chemical responses occur in only one part of the body but rather showcases a specific new discovery. Choice C is incorrect as it is highly improbable that everything about anatomy and physiology has been discovered given the complexity of the human body. Choice D is incorrect as while the molecular and cellular level is important in anatomy and physiology, the primary focus of this discovery is on the new findings about the taste receptors in the small intestine.

3. An occurrence of too high a concentration of which of the following electrolytes is associated with cardiac arrhythmias?

• A. chloride
• B. phosphorus
• C. potassium
• D. sodium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is potassium. High levels of potassium in the blood, known as hyperkalemia, can lead to cardiac arrhythmias by affecting the electrical activity of the heart. This can disrupt the normal rhythm of the heart and lead to serious complications. Chloride, phosphorus, and sodium imbalances are not typically associated with cardiac arrhythmias, making them incorrect choices.

4. Which of the following best describes a blood clot stimulating further clotting?

• A. a positive feedback mechanism.
• B. a negative feedback mechanism.
• C. a process turning itself off.
• D. nervous system communication

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A blood clot stimulating further clotting is an example of a positive feedback mechanism. In positive feedback, the response enhances or amplifies the original stimulus, leading to an increase in the activity. In this case, the formation of a blood clot triggers more clotting activity, creating a cycle of increasing clot formation. Negative feedback mechanisms, on the other hand, work to maintain homeostasis by counteracting changes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the situation of a blood clot stimulating further clotting.

5. Paired organs, such as the kidneys or lungs, are said to be

• A. bisexual.
• B. bilingual.
• C. bilateral.
• D. bivalent.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'bilateral.' Paired organs like the kidneys or lungs are described as bilateral because they occur in pairs on both sides of the body. Option A 'bisexual' refers to having both male and female reproductive organs, which is not the correct term for paired organs. Option B 'bilingual' refers to being able to speak two languages, which is not related to the description of paired organs. Option D 'bivalent' means having two valences, which is also unrelated to the context of paired organs.

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