Nursing Elites

1. The anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface is

• A. anterior
• B. proximal
• C. superficial
• D. superior

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'superficial.' In anatomy, the term 'superficial' refers to a structure that is close to the surface of the body. Choice A, 'anterior,' refers to the front of the body, not specifically to depth. Choice B, 'proximal,' refers to a structure that is closer to the point of attachment or trunk of the body. Choice D, 'superior,' indicates a structure that is above or higher in position.

2. Which of the following best describes a blood clot stimulating further clotting?

• A. a positive feedback mechanism.
• B. a negative feedback mechanism.
• C. a process turning itself off.
• D. nervous system communication

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A blood clot stimulating further clotting is an example of a positive feedback mechanism. In positive feedback, the response enhances or amplifies the original stimulus, leading to an increase in the activity. In this case, the formation of a blood clot triggers more clotting activity, creating a cycle of increasing clot formation. Negative feedback mechanisms, on the other hand, work to maintain homeostasis by counteracting changes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the situation of a blood clot stimulating further clotting.

3. Macromolecules are built of?

• A. Monomers
• B. Incorrect
• C. Not Applicable
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monomers. Macromolecules are built from smaller subunits called monomers. Monomers join together through chemical reactions to form larger molecules known as macromolecules. Option B is incorrect as it does not provide the accurate information regarding the composition of macromolecules. Option C is not applicable as it does not offer a relevant choice. Option D is incorrect because there is a specific answer related to the composition of macromolecules.

4. Which of the following ions is most abundant in extracellular fluid?

• A. Calcium
• B. Chloride
• C. Sodium
• D. Potassium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Sodium is the most abundant ion in extracellular fluid. It plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. Calcium (Choice A) is mainly found in bones and teeth, Chloride (Choice B) is the major anion in extracellular fluid but not the most abundant ion, and Potassium (Choice D) is found predominantly inside cells.

5. Which of the following describes the event of ovulation?

• A. The fallopian tube moves the ovum to the uterus.
• B. The oocyte undergoes its first meiotic division.
• C. The Graafian follicle releases an ovum.
• D. The corpus luteum produces progesterone.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ovulation is the release of a mature egg (ovum) from the Graafian follicle in the ovary. This process is essential for fertilization. Choice A is incorrect because the fallopian tube does not move the ovum to the uterus; rather, it provides a pathway for the egg to travel from the ovary to the uterus. Choice B is incorrect as the oocyte undergoes its first meiotic division after ovulation. Choice D is incorrect because the corpus luteum forms after ovulation and is responsible for producing progesterone.

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