Nursing Elites

1. Calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by which of the following glands?

• A. Hypothalamus gland
• B. Thyroid gland
• C. Pituitary gland
• D. Parathyroid glands

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is Parathyroid glands. The parathyroid glands are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood by secreting parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH helps increase calcium levels in the blood when they are too low. The other glands listed, such as the Hypothalamus, Thyroid, and Pituitary glands, do not directly control calcium concentration in the blood.

2. What effect does aldosterone secretion have on electrolyte levels?

• A. Calcium levels are decreased
• B. Sodium levels are increased
• C. Potassium levels are increased
• D. Magnesium levels are decreased

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Aldosterone is a hormone that primarily acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water into the bloodstream. As a result, sodium levels are increased. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Aldosterone does not significantly affect calcium, potassium, or magnesium levels.

3. The origin of the term 'anatomy' is related to

• A. the Greek word for 'function.'
• B. the name of the first anatomist.
• C. the Greek word for 'cutting up.'
• D. the function of internal organs.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: the Greek word for 'cutting up.' The term 'anatomy' originates from the Greek words 'ana' (up) and 'temnein' (to cut), which means 'cutting up' or 'dissection.' This term refers to the process of dissecting bodies to study their structure. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because 'anatomy' is not related to the Greek word for 'function,' the name of the first anatomist, or the function of internal organs, but rather to the act of cutting up for study and examination.

4. Metabolism is defined as _____.

• A. the removal of wastes produced by chemical reactions
• B. the breakdown of substances into simpler forms
• C. the taking in of nutrients
• D. all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions that take place within an organism to sustain life, including processes such as breaking down molecules, building new molecules, and energy production. Choice A is incorrect because it describes excretion rather than metabolism. Choice B is incorrect as it specifically refers to the breakdown of substances, not encompassing the entirety of metabolic processes. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses solely on nutrient intake, which is just one aspect of metabolism.

5. Magnetic resonance imaging might be used to

• A. distinguish between normal and abnormal tissue.
• B. examine an injured knee.
• C. provide detailed images of the brain.
• D. do both A and B.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Magnetic resonance imaging, commonly known as MRI, is a non-invasive imaging technique used to visualize internal structures of the body. While it can be used to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissue, one of its common applications is to examine musculoskeletal injuries, such as an injured knee. Choice A has been corrected to mention 'normal and abnormal tissue' instead of 'normal and cancerous tissue' as MRI is not solely used for cancer detection. Choice C is incorrect as MRI can provide detailed images of various body parts, not just limited to the brain. Therefore, the correct answer is to examine an injured knee.

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