ATI RN
ATI Anatomy and Physiology
1. Calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by which of the following glands?
- A. Hypothalamus gland
- B. Thyroid gland
- C. Pituitary gland
- D. Parathyroid glands
Correct answer: Parathyroid glands
Rationale: The correct answer is Parathyroid glands. The parathyroid glands are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood by secreting parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH helps increase calcium levels in the blood when they are too low. The other glands listed, such as the Hypothalamus, Thyroid, and Pituitary glands, do not directly control calcium concentration in the blood.
2. A client is receiving an IV infusion of an antibiotic. The client calls the nurse feeling uneasy due to congestion. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Elevate the head of the client’s bed to 45 degrees
- B. Have another nurse call the Rapid Response Team
- C. Prepare to administer diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- D. Slow the rate of the IV infusion
Correct answer: Have another nurse call the Rapid Response Team
Rationale: In this situation, the client's symptoms of congestion and feeling uneasy may indicate an anaphylactic reaction, which can be life-threatening. The most appropriate action is to call the Rapid Response Team to provide immediate assistance and interventions. Elevating the head of the bed, administering diphenhydramine, or slowing the IV infusion rate are not the priority actions in the case of a potential severe allergic reaction. These interventions may delay necessary emergency care and potentially worsen the client's condition.
3. When assessing a child with leukemia, which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Petechiae, fever, fatigue
- B. Headache, papilledema, irritability
- C. Muscle wasting, weight loss, fatigue
- D. Decreased intracranial pressure, psychosis, confusion
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Petechiae, fever, fatigue. Children with leukemia commonly present with petechiae (due to low platelet count), fever (due to infection), and fatigue (due to anemia), which are classic manifestations of the disease. Option B is incorrect because headache, papilledema, and irritability are more indicative of increased intracranial pressure, not leukemia. Option C is incorrect as muscle wasting and weight loss are not typical initial manifestations of leukemia in children. Option D is incorrect as decreased intracranial pressure, psychosis, and confusion are not commonly associated with leukemia.
4. Which is described as an elevated, circumscribed skin lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter and filled with serous fluid?
- A. Cyst
- B. Papule
- C. Pustule
- D. Vesicle
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A vesicle is an elevated, circumscribed lesion filled with serous fluid, typically less than 1 cm in diameter.
5. A client has a new prescription for Prednisone. Which of the following instructions should be included?
- A. Increase your intake of vitamin D.
- B. Take this medication on an empty stomach.
- C. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
- D. Take this medication every other day.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When a client is prescribed Prednisone, it is important to increase the intake of vitamin D to help mitigate the risk of bone loss associated with the medication. Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption, supporting bone health in individuals taking Prednisone.
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