Nursing Elites

1. Calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by which of the following glands?

• A. Hypothalamus gland
• B. Thyroid gland
• C. Pituitary gland
• D. Parathyroid glands

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is Parathyroid glands. The parathyroid glands are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood by secreting parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH helps increase calcium levels in the blood when they are too low. The other glands listed, such as the Hypothalamus, Thyroid, and Pituitary glands, do not directly control calcium concentration in the blood.

2. The recent discovery of taste receptors that detect sweetness in the small intestine illustrates that

• A. chemical responses occur in various parts of the body.
• B. new discoveries about anatomy and physiology are still being made.
• C. everything about anatomy and physiology has been discovered.
• D. the molecular and cellular level is crucial in anatomy and physiology.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The recent discovery of taste receptors in the small intestine illustrates that new discoveries about anatomy and physiology are still being made. This finding demonstrates that our understanding of the human body is continuously evolving. Choice A is incorrect because the discovery does not imply that chemical responses occur in only one part of the body but rather showcases a specific new discovery. Choice C is incorrect as it is highly improbable that everything about anatomy and physiology has been discovered given the complexity of the human body. Choice D is incorrect as while the molecular and cellular level is important in anatomy and physiology, the primary focus of this discovery is on the new findings about the taste receptors in the small intestine.

3. What is the maximum capacity of a normal adult bladder before involuntary micturition is likely to occur?

• A. 800-900ml
• B. 300-600ml
• C. 1000-2000ml
• D. 400-700ml

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 300-600ml. A normal adult bladder can hold approximately 300-600ml of urine before the urge to urinate becomes strong and involuntary micturition is likely to occur. Choice A (800-900ml), Choice C (1000-2000ml), and Choice D (400-700ml) all exceed the typical capacity of a normal adult bladder and would generally not be accurate in the context of involuntary micturition.

4. Which of the following is the measurement of the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood?

• A. Hematocrit
• B. Hemoglobin
• C. Mean corpuscular volume
• D. Reticulocyte count

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Hematocrit.' Hematocrit is the measurement of the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. It is used to diagnose conditions such as anemia and dehydration. Choice B, 'Hemoglobin,' measures the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, not the percentage of red blood cells. Choice C, 'Mean corpuscular volume,' measures the average volume of a red blood cell, not the percentage of red blood cells. Choice D, 'Reticulocyte count,' measures the percentage of young red blood cells in the blood, not the percentage of red blood cells.

5. Is the parietal pleura a visceral membrane?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement that the parietal pleura is a visceral membrane is false. The parietal pleura is actually a membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and is responsible for protecting and cushioning the lungs. Visceral pleura, on the other hand, is the membrane that covers the surface of the lungs. Therefore, the parietal pleura is not a visceral membrane, making the correct answer 'False.' Choices C and D are not relevant as the question is asking for a true/false statement.

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