ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Final Exam
1. A teacher in a preschool is diagnosed with giardiasis. Which of the following medications will be administered to treat the diarrhea and abdominal distention?
- A. Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
- B. Metronidazole (Flagyl)
- C. Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
- D. Doxycycline (Vibramycin)
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Metronidazole (Flagyl) is the drug of choice for treating giardiasis, which is a common cause of diarrhea and abdominal distention. Sulfasalazine (Choice A) is used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (Choice C) is commonly used for urinary tract infections and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Doxycycline (Choice D) is commonly used to treat various bacterial infections but is not the first-line treatment for giardiasis.
2. When educating a patient about sildenafil (Viagra), which adverse effect should be a priority for the patient to report to his prescriber?
- A. Flushing
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Hearing loss
- D. Dyspepsia
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: Hearing loss.' In rare cases, Viagra has been associated with sudden hearing loss, typically in one ear, which can be partial or complete. Any onset of hearing problems while using Viagra should be reported promptly to the prescriber. It is recommended to discontinue the medication if it is used for erectile dysfunction. 'Flushing,' 'Diarrhea,' and 'Dyspepsia' are known adverse effects of Viagra but are generally less serious compared to hearing loss.
3. The system used at the division level and forward comprises six basic modules. Which module is composed of practical nurses, medical specialists, and equipment to provide medical support for minimal care patients?
- A. Treatment squad
- B. Patient holding squad
- C. Area support squad
- D. Surgical squad
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The Patient Holding Squad is the module composed of practical nurses, medical specialists, and equipment to provide medical support for minimal care patients. The other choices are incorrect because a 'Treatment squad' would typically involve a broader range of medical care, an 'Area support squad' is more general and focuses on providing overall support in a specific area, and a 'Surgical squad' would be specifically focused on surgical procedures rather than general medical care for minimal care patients.
4. Which action demonstrates primary prevention?
- A. Administering immunizations
- B. Teaching healthy lifestyle behaviors
- C. Educating about the importance of regular check-ups
- D. Screening for early signs of disease
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Administering immunizations is a primary prevention strategy aimed at preventing diseases before they occur. By administering immunizations, the nurse helps individuals develop immunity against specific diseases, reducing the likelihood of them getting sick in the first place. This proactive approach aligns with primary prevention efforts to promote health and prevent illnesses.
5. A client will start Alfuzosin for the treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following is an adverse effect of this medication?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Edema
- C. Hypotension
- D. Tremor
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Hypotension. Alfuzosin relaxes muscle tone in veins, leading to vasodilation and reduced systemic vascular resistance. This effect can cause hypotension due to decreased cardiac output. Clients should be advised to rise slowly from a sitting or lying position to minimize the risk of orthostatic hypotension. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because bradycardia, edema, and tremor are not commonly associated adverse effects of Alfuzosin.
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