a patient is starting on a statin medication for hyperlipidemia what critical instruction should the nurse provide

ATI RN

ATI Pathophysiology Quizlet

1. A patient is starting on a statin medication for hyperlipidemia. What critical instruction should the nurse provide?

A. Take the medication at night to reduce the risk of muscle pain and other side effects.
B. Take the medication in the morning with breakfast to improve absorption.
C. Avoid alcohol consumption while taking this medication to reduce the risk of liver damage.
D. Take the medication with a high-fat meal to increase its effectiveness.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Statins like atorvastatin should be taken at night to reduce the risk of muscle pain and other side effects. Taking the medication with a high-fat meal (choice D) is not recommended as it can decrease the effectiveness of the medication. Alcohol consumption (choice C) should be moderated but does not need to be completely avoided unless contraindicated. Taking the medication with breakfast (choice B) may not be as effective as taking it at night due to the circadian rhythm of cholesterol synthesis.

2. Which of the following are signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction?

A. Persistent chest pain which may radiate to the arm
B. Brief sternal chest pain on inspiration
C. Rapid respirations with left-sided weakness and numbness
D. Left upper quadrant abdominal pain which radiates to the back and shoulder

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Persistent chest pain that may radiate to the arm is a classic symptom of myocardial infarction. This pain is typically described as crushing, pressure-like, or squeezing. Choice B is incorrect because brief sternal chest pain on inspiration is not characteristic of myocardial infarction. Choice C is incorrect because rapid respirations with left-sided weakness and numbness are not typical symptoms of myocardial infarction. Choice D is incorrect because left upper quadrant abdominal pain that radiates to the back and shoulder is not a common presentation of myocardial infarction.

3. Which of the following is a characteristic of osteosarcoma?

A. Slow-growing tumor that begins in the bone marrow
B. Solitary tumor that most often affects the metaphyseal region of the femur or tibia
C. An aggressive tumor most often found in the bone marrow of long bones
D. A tumor that infiltrates the trabeculae in spongy bone and implants in surrounding tissue

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone tumor that most commonly arises in the bone marrow of long bones, such as the femur or tibia. Choice A is incorrect as osteosarcoma is not a slow-growing tumor but rather a fast-growing one. Choice B is incorrect as osteosarcoma is not typically solitary but can involve multiple lesions. Choice D is incorrect as osteosarcoma primarily affects the medullary (marrow) cavity of bones, rather than infiltrating the trabeculae in spongy bone and surrounding tissue.

4. What is the primary role of albumin in the blood?

A. Transport oxygen throughout the body.
B. Serve as a key clotting factor.
C. Maintain osmotic pressure and fluid balance.
D. Act as an immune response molecule.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Maintain osmotic pressure and fluid balance. Albumin plays a crucial role in maintaining osmotic pressure by helping to retain fluid within the blood vessels. This function is essential for regulating blood volume and preventing fluid from leaking out into tissues. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because albumin is not primarily responsible for transporting oxygen, acting as a clotting factor, or functioning as an immune response molecule in the blood.

5. What is the pathophysiologic process responsible for the decreased glomerular filtration rate in a patient with acute glomerulonephritis?

A. Decreased renal-induced constriction of the renal arteries
B. Immune complex deposition, increased capillary permeability, and cellular proliferation
C. Necrosis of 70% or more of the nephrons secondary to increased kidney interstitial hydrostatic pressure
D. Scar tissue formation throughout the proximal convoluted tubule secondary to toxin-induced collagen synthesis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Immune complex deposition, increased capillary permeability, and cellular proliferation. Acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys. This inflammation leads to the deposition of immune complexes, increased capillary permeability, and cellular proliferation, which collectively contribute to a decreased glomerular filtration rate. Choice A is incorrect as decreased renal-induced constriction of the renal arteries would not directly result in decreased glomerular filtration rate. Choice C is incorrect as necrosis of nephrons due to increased kidney interstitial hydrostatic pressure would affect kidney function differently. Choice D is incorrect as scar tissue formation in the proximal convoluted tubule due to toxin-induced collagen synthesis is not a typical feature of acute glomerulonephritis.