ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Practice A
1. Which suggestion is most appropriate to increase calorie intake for a patient with stomach cancer, aiming to prevent weight loss and wasting?
- A. Replace whole fat milk with skim milk or water
- B. Avoid peanut butter and other nuts
- C. Choose high-fat meat instead of lean meat
- D. Limit alcohol intake to two drinks per day
Correct answer: C: Choose high-fat meat instead of lean meat
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Choose high-fat meat instead of lean meat. High-fat meats are more calorie-dense than lean meats, which makes them a good choice for increasing calorie intake. This is crucial for patients with stomach cancer who want to avoid weight loss and wasting. Choice A is incorrect because skim milk or water contains fewer calories than whole fat milk. Choice B is also incorrect because peanut butter and nuts are high in calories and therefore should not be avoided when trying to increase calorie intake. Finally, choice D is not a good suggestion to increase calorie intake as alcohol does not provide the necessary nutrients needed for a balanced diet. In fact, excessive alcohol can harm the liver and other organs, and it's not a reliable source of calories.
2. All of the following are contraindications when giving Immunization except:
- A. BCG Vaccine can be given to a child with AIDS
- B. BCG Vaccine can be given to a child with Hepatitis B
- C. DPT can be given to a child that had convulsion 3 days after being given the first DPT dose
- D. DPT can be given to a child with active convulsion or other neurological disease
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. BCG vaccine can be given to a child with Hepatitis B, as there is no contraindication for this. Choice A, C, and D all present contraindications for administering immunizations. Choice A is incorrect because giving BCG vaccines to a child with AIDS is a contraindication. Choice C is incorrect as convulsions after the first DPT dose indicate a contraindication to subsequent doses. Choice D is incorrect because active convulsions or other neurological diseases are contraindications to receiving the DPT vaccine.
3. Mr. Bruno asks what the “normal†allowable salt intake is. Your best response to Mr. Bruno is:
- A. 1 tsp of salt/day with iodine and sprinkle of MSG
- B. 5 gms per day or 1 tsp of table salt/day
- C. 1 tbsp of salt/day with some patis and toyo
- D. 1 tsp of salt/day but no patis and toyo
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.
4. Which type of immunity is demonstrated by the transfer of a mother's immunoglobulin across the placenta to protect the child?
- A. Natural active immunity
- B. Natural passive immunity
- C. Artificial active immunity
- D. Artificial passive immunity
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The immunoglobulin passed from the mother to the child through the placenta is an example of natural passive immunity, making choice B the correct answer. This transfer gives the child temporary immunity to various diseases without their immune system having to work. On the other hand, natural active immunity (Choice A) occurs when the body produces its own antibodies in response to an antigen. Artificial active immunity (Choice C) is achieved through vaccinations, where the immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies against a specific disease. Artificial passive immunity (Choice D) is a temporary immunity that involves the transfer of pre-formed antibodies from another source.
5. After consuming a meal high in fat, the _____ releases _______ to aid in digestion.
- A. stomach, acid
- B. liver, bile
- C. pancreas, bicarbonate
- D. gallbladder, bile
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine to help digest fats. Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets for easier digestion. The stomach primarily releases gastric acid, the liver produces bile but stores it in the gallbladder, and the pancreas secretes bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.