Nursing Elites

1. What nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate for a patient with heart failure?

• A. risk for infection
• B. fluid volume excess
• C. impaired body temperature
• D. ineffective airway clearance

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for a patient with heart failure is 'fluid volume excess.' In heart failure, the heart's reduced pumping ability leads to fluid retention, causing an excess of fluid in the body. This can result in symptoms such as edema, shortness of breath, and weight gain. 'Risk for infection,' 'impaired body temperature,' and 'ineffective airway clearance' are not the most appropriate nursing diagnoses for a patient with heart failure as they do not directly relate to the pathophysiology and common issues seen in heart failure patients.

2. Where is Vitamin K synthesized?

• A. by bacteria in the GI tract
• B. by the body by sunlight
• C. deficiency is called beriberi
• D. found in vegetable oils

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Vitamin K is synthesized by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Choice B is incorrect as the synthesis of Vitamin D, not K, can be induced by sunlight exposure. Choice C is incorrect as beriberi is a condition caused by thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency, not Vitamin K. Choice D is incorrect as Vitamin E is commonly found in vegetable oils, not Vitamin K.

3. Begins carb digestion in the mouth:

• A. pepsin
• B. salivary amylase
• C. CCK
• D. secretin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Salivary amylase is the enzyme that begins the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth by breaking down starches into simpler sugars.

4. A nurse is assessing the nutritional status of an infant who is 6 months old. The infant weighed 2.7 kg at birth. Which of the following indicates to the nurse that the infant is within the expected range?

• A. 5.5 kg
• B. 6.4 kg
• C. 4.5 kg
• D. 3.6 kg

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, 6.4 kg. An infant's weight should approximately double by 6 months. In this case, starting from a birth weight of 2.7 kg, a weight of 6.4 kg at 6 months indicates normal growth. Choice A (5.5 kg) is below the expected range for a 6-month-old infant. Choices C (4.5 kg) and D (3.6 kg) are also below the expected weight gain, indicating inadequate growth.

5. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is associated with which vitamin deficiency?

• A. Thiamine (B1)
• B. Riboflavin (B2)
• C. Niacin (B3)
• D. Pyridoxine (B6)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is indeed associated with thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. This syndrome is commonly seen in individuals with chronic alcoholism due to poor diet and impaired thiamine absorption. Thiamine is essential for normal brain function and energy metabolism. Riboflavin (B2) deficiency can lead to symptoms like sore throat and swollen mucous membranes, not Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Niacin (B3) deficiency causes pellagra, characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death, but not Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency can result in dermatitis, glossitis, and peripheral neuropathy, but it is not associated with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

Similar Questions