Nursing Elites

1. A patient with renal insufficiency should limit the intake of which of the following nutrients?

• A. Phosphorus
• B. Potassium
• C. Sodium
• D. Calcium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In patients with renal insufficiency, impaired kidney function can lead to difficulty in excreting phosphorus. High phosphorus levels can result in further complications such as bone and heart problems. Therefore, limiting the intake of phosphorus is crucial. Potassium and sodium restrictions may also be necessary in renal insufficiency, but the primary concern related to nutrients is phosphorus in this scenario. Calcium, while important for bone health, does not typically need to be restricted in renal insufficiency unless there is a specific medical reason to do so.

2. Clients with type 2 diabetes are most likely to achieve metabolic control if they:

• A. lose weight
• B. use self-monitoring of blood glucose
• C. eliminate all dietary sugars
• D. eat three regular meals daily

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Weight loss improves insulin sensitivity and glycemic control, making it a key strategy in managing type 2 diabetes.

3. A healthcare professional is preparing to remove a client’s clogged NG tube prior to re-inserting a new tube. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take first?

• A. Assist the client in blowing their nose.
• B. Ask the client to take a deep breath and hold it.
• C. Pinch the proximal end of the tube.
• D. Disconnect the tube from the suction source.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Correct Answer: Disconnecting the tube from the suction source is the first step in safely removing a clogged NG tube. This action helps prevent any suction-related complications and ensures a smooth transition when removing the tube. Choice A, assisting the client to blow their nose, is not necessary in this situation. Choice B, asking the client to take a deep breath and hold it, is unrelated to the process of removing a clogged NG tube. Choice C, pinching the proximal end of the tube, should only be done after disconnecting the tube from the suction source to prevent the contents from leaking.

4. Before and after the operation, the operating suite is managed by the:

• A. Surgeon C. Nurse Manager
• B. Nurse Supervisor D. Chief Nurse
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

5. Which food should the nurse recommend for a client deficient in vitamin A?

• A. Orange slices
• B. Steamed carrots
• C. Apple sauce
• D. Baked potato

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, steamed carrots, as they are high in vitamin A. Carrots are rich in beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A, which is essential for good vision, a healthy immune system, and cell growth. Oranges (choice A) are a good source of vitamin C but not vitamin A. Apple sauce (choice C) and baked potato (choice D) do not provide significant amounts of vitamin A compared to steamed carrots, making them less suitable recommendations for a client deficient in this specific nutrient.

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