Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following groups of vitamins are fat-soluble?

• A. vitamins B and C
• B. vitamins A and C
• C. vitamins B, E, K, D
• D. vitamins A, E, K, D

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: vitamins A, E, K, and D. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed along with fats in the diet and can be stored in the body's fatty tissue. Vitamins B and C are water-soluble vitamins and are not stored in the body; any excess amounts are usually excreted in the urine. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.

2. A client who has chronic lymphocytic leukemia is starting chemotherapy treatments and asks if she needs to make any dietary changes. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

• A. "You should avoid drinking liquids an hour before the treatments."?
• B. "Eating low-calorie foods helps prevent nausea."?
• C. "Foods that are higher in fat are usually more appealing."?
• D. "Raw fruits and vegetables will be easier for your body to digest."?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During chemotherapy treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, raw fruits and vegetables are recommended as they are easier for the body to digest. This choice provides essential nutrients and is gentle on the digestive system. Option A is incorrect because staying hydrated is crucial during chemotherapy. Option B is incorrect as low-calorie foods may not provide sufficient energy during treatment. Option C is incorrect because high-fat foods are not typically recommended due to potential digestive issues.

3. In a patient with osteoporosis, which mineral is essential to prevent further bone loss?

• A. Iron
• B. Phosphorus
• C. Magnesium
• D. Calcium

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Calcium is crucial in preventing bone loss in patients with osteoporosis.

4. What is one of the best nutritional actions a caregiver can take to help a patient with Alzheimer's disease maintain appropriate body weight?

• A. Thicken liquids to prevent choking
• B. Supervise food planning and mealtimes
• C. Assist the person in completing a grocery checklist
• D. Feed the person their meals and snacks

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Supervise food planning and mealtimes'. This action ensures the patient with Alzheimer's disease maintains an appropriate diet and body weight, thus reducing the risk of malnutrition. While choices A, 'Thicken liquids to prevent choking', C, 'Assist the person in completing a grocery checklist', and D, 'Feed the person their meals and snacks', might be beneficial in certain circumstances, they do not directly contribute to the maintenance of appropriate body weight as effectively as supervising food planning and mealtimes does.

5. Which food is a high source of prebiotics?

• A. Chicken
• B. Garlic
• C. White rice
• D. Cheese

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Garlic is the correct answer. It is high in prebiotics, which are non-digestible fibers that promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Chicken, white rice, and cheese are not significant sources of prebiotics. Chicken is a good source of protein, white rice is a carbohydrate, and cheese is a dairy product, none of which are high in prebiotics.

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