ATI RN
Final Exam Pathophysiology
1. What is a critical point the nurse should include in patient education for a patient prescribed tamoxifen (Nolvadex)?
- A. Tamoxifen may increase the risk of venous thromboembolism.
- B. Tamoxifen may decrease the risk of osteoporosis.
- C. Tamoxifen may cause hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms.
- D. Tamoxifen may cause weight gain and fluid retention.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The critical point the nurse should include in patient education for a patient prescribed tamoxifen is that it may increase the risk of venous thromboembolism. This is crucial information because tamoxifen is known to promote blood clot formation, and patients need to be aware of the signs and symptoms of blood clots to seek prompt medical attention. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as tamoxifen is not associated with decreasing the risk of osteoporosis, causing hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms, or directly causing weight gain and fluid retention.
2. A client who has a new prescription for levothyroxine is being taught by a nurse. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. ''I will need to take this medication for the rest of my life.''
- B. ''I will take this medication with an antacid.''
- C. ''I should avoid eating foods that contain iodine.''
- D. ''You should store this medication in the refrigerator.''
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: ''I will need to take this medication for the rest of my life.'' Levothyroxine is a lifelong medication for clients with hypothyroidism and should be taken as prescribed. Choice B is incorrect because levothyroxine should not be taken with antacids as they can interfere with its absorption. Choice C is incorrect as iodine-containing foods do not need to be avoided with levothyroxine. Choice D is incorrect because levothyroxine should be stored at room temperature, not in the refrigerator.
3. While working the night shift, a nurse observes a colleague behaving strangely. What is the best course of action?
- A. Ignore the behavior and continue working
- B. Report the behavior to the supervisor
- C. Ask the colleague if everything is okay
- D. Discuss the behavior with other colleagues
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a nurse observes a colleague behaving strangely, the best course of action is to report the behavior to the supervisor. Unusual behavior by a healthcare professional could compromise patient safety and should be addressed promptly. Ignoring the behavior (Choice A) could potentially lead to negative outcomes for patients. Asking the colleague directly (Choice C) may not be appropriate if the behavior poses a risk. Discussing the behavior with other colleagues (Choice D) may not directly address the issue and could lead to gossip rather than a resolution.
4. A client with bipolar disorder is experiencing a depressive episode. Which of the following interventions should the nurse not implement?
- A. Agree with the client's delusions to avoid confrontation.
- B. Monitor for signs of suicidal ideation
- C. Promote a regular sleep schedule
- D. Discourage the expression of negative feelings
Correct answer: A
Rationale: During a depressive episode in bipolar disorder, it is crucial not to agree with the client's delusions to avoid reinforcing false beliefs. Monitoring for signs of suicidal ideation is essential for safety. Promoting a regular sleep schedule can help stabilize mood. Discouraging the expression of negative feelings is not recommended as it is important to allow clients to express their emotions and feel heard.
5. What is tocopherol?
- A. Vitamin B1
- B. Vitamin B2
- C. Vitamin B3
- D. Vitamin E
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Tocopherol is another name for Vitamin E, a fat-soluble antioxidant that helps protect cell membranes from oxidative damage. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as tocopherol is specifically related to Vitamin E and not Vitamin B1, B2, or B3.
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