a barrier that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum is known as

ATI RN

Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam

1. What is the term for a barrier that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum?

A. Dumping syndrome
B. Gastritis
C. Gastric outlet obstruction
D. Hypochlorhydria

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Gastric outlet obstruction refers to a condition where the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is blocked, preventing the normal passage of food. This is why choice 'C' is correct. 'A: Dumping syndrome' is incorrect because it is a condition where stomach contents move too quickly through the small intestine, not a barrier preventing emptying. 'B: Gastritis' is inflammation of the stomach lining, not a blockage of the outlet. 'D: Hypochlorhydria' refers to low stomach acid, which may affect digestion but does not create a physical barrier blocking the outlet of the stomach.

2. Which physiologic role does vitamin C play in the body?

A. Transcribing DNA to RNA
B. Absorption and regulation of calcium
C. Protects integrity of cellular membranes
D. Catalyst for synthesis of blood-clotting factors

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin C plays a crucial role in protecting the integrity of cellular membranes. It is essential for collagen synthesis, which is important for wound healing and maintaining skin, blood vessels, and other tissues. Choice A is incorrect as the transcription of DNA to RNA is facilitated by vitamin A. Choice B is incorrect as calcium absorption and regulation are functions of vitamin D. Choice D is incorrect as vitamin K serves as a catalyst for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors, not vitamin C.

3. A client is receiving education from a nurse regarding the dietary changes needed for weight loss. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform first?

A. Educate the client about daily caloric requirements.
B. Determine the client’s daily caloric intake.
C. Provide the client with meal planning information.
D. Show the client how to identify the fat content of packaged foods.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to determine the client’s daily caloric intake first. This step is crucial in understanding the client's current dietary habits and establishing a baseline for creating an effective weight loss plan. Educating the client about daily caloric requirements (Choice A) can only be done effectively after knowing the client's current intake. Providing meal planning information (Choice C) and teaching the client how to identify fat content in foods (Choice D) come after determining the baseline caloric intake to tailor the plan accordingly.

4. A nurse is teaching a client about strategies to prevent constipation. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A. Drinking four to five glasses of water per day will prevent constipation.
B. I should consume mineral oil once per day.
C. Eating foods high in fiber will make elimination easier.
D. I can skip a meal if I feel bloated.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Eating foods high in fiber increases stool bulk and promotes easier elimination, thus preventing constipation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Drinking water is important, but the emphasis should be on high-fiber foods. Mineral oil is not a recommended first-line treatment for constipation, and skipping meals can disrupt regular bowel movements, potentially leading to constipation.