ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2019
1. A client has a new prescription for Phenytoin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Brush and floss your teeth regularly.
- B. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
- C. Take this medication with food.
- D. Increase your intake of calcium-rich foods.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to brush and floss their teeth regularly. Phenytoin can lead to gingival hyperplasia, making oral hygiene crucial to prevent complications. Encouraging good oral care practices helps reduce the risk of adverse effects on the gums and teeth. Avoiding grapefruit juice is not specifically related to Phenytoin. While some medications require intake with food, Phenytoin is usually taken on an empty stomach for better absorption. Increasing calcium-rich foods is not directly associated with Phenytoin therapy.
2. What may be a cause of conductive hearing loss?
- A. Prolonged exposure to loud noises
- B. Medications
- C. Presbycusis
- D. Otitis media
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Otitis media can cause conductive hearing loss by affecting the middle ear.
3. A healthcare professional is caring for a client who has just developed a pulmonary embolism. Which of the following medications should the healthcare professional anticipate administering?
- A. Furosemide
- B. Dexamethasone
- C. Heparin
- D. Atropine
Correct answer: C: Heparin
Rationale: In the scenario of a pulmonary embolism, the priority medication to administer is Heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant that helps prevent the formation of new blood clots and the growth of existing ones, which is crucial in managing pulmonary embolism. Furosemide is a diuretic used to treat fluid retention, Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid used for inflammation, and Atropine is an anticholinergic medication used for various purposes such as treating bradycardia.
4. What is the end product of lipid digestion?
- A. fatty acid
- B. sucrose
- C. monosaccharide
- D. amino acid
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, fatty acid. During the process of lipid digestion, triglycerides are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. These end products are then absorbed into the bloodstream or lymphatic system for further processing. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because sucrose is a disaccharide, monosaccharide is a simple sugar unit, and amino acid is a building block of proteins, not the end product of lipid digestion.
5. The nurse notices a new area of skin breakdown near the site of a dressing. This would be an example of which phase of the nursing process?
- A. Diagnosis
- B. Assessment
- C. Implementation
- D. Evaluation
Correct answer: Assessment
Rationale:
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