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ATI Pharmacology Test Bank
1. A client with Hodgkin's disease is receiving Cyclophosphamide IV. Which medication should be administered concurrently to prevent an adverse effect of Cyclophosphamide?
- A. Uroprotectant agent, such as mesna
- B. Opioid, such as morphine
- C. Loop diuretic, such as furosemide
- D. H1 receptor antagonist, such as diphenhydramine
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Mesna, an uroprotectant agent, is administered with nitrogen mustard chemotherapy drugs like Cyclophosphamide to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis, a common adverse effect. Mesna works by binding to and inactivating the toxic metabolites of Cyclophosphamide in the bladder, thereby reducing the risk of bladder toxicity.
2. A client who had an elective below-the-knee amputation reports pain in the foot that was amputated. What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. The pain will go away after the swelling decreases.
- B. That is phantom limb pain.
- C. Your foot has been amputated, so you are not having pain in that foot.
- D. On a scale of 0-10, how would you rate your pain?
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct response is to assess the pain intensity by asking the client to rate their pain on a scale of 0-10. This helps the nurse to effectively manage the client's pain. Choice A is incorrect as it dismisses the client's pain without proper assessment. Choice B is incorrect as it assumes the pain is phantom limb pain without assessing the client's current condition. Choice C is incorrect as it invalidates the client's pain experience and does not address the issue at hand.
3. A patient suffers from an autoimmune disorder. Which of the following represents a potential result of a viral infection in a patient with an autoimmune disorder?
- A. Lymphocytes recognize the host's tissue as foreign.
- B. Erythrocytes destroy the T cells of the host.
- C. The involution of the thymus gland increases the risk of infection.
- D. The differential decreases the sedimentation rate.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In a patient with an autoimmune disorder, a viral infection can trigger an immune response where lymphocytes mistakenly recognize the host's tissue as foreign. This can lead to an exacerbation of the autoimmune condition. Choice B is incorrect because erythrocytes are not responsible for destroying T cells. Choice C is incorrect as thymus involution weakens the immune response, making the patient more susceptible to infections rather than increasing the infection risk. Choice D is unrelated to the potential effects of a viral infection in a patient with an autoimmune disorder.
4. A middle adult client tells the nurse, 'I feel so useless now that my children do not need me anymore.' Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
- A. Validate the client's feelings by saying, 'People in middle adulthood often find satisfaction in nurturing and guiding young people.'
- B. Encourage the client to explore the reasons behind feeling useless.
- C. Reassure the client by saying, 'You should be proud that your children are becoming independent.'
- D. Provide information by saying, 'Most people are happy when their children grow up and leave home.'
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct response is to validate the client's feelings by acknowledging that individuals in middle adulthood often derive satisfaction from nurturing and guiding young people. This response shows empathy and understanding towards the client's emotions. Choice B is incorrect because it may come across as dismissive of the client's feelings. Choice C is incorrect as it does not address the client's emotional state and could be perceived as minimizing their concerns. Choice D is incorrect as it generalizes feelings and may not be applicable to the client's specific situation.
5. The ideal time to begin taking folate to prevent neural tube defects is:
- A. Before conception
- B. Once pregnancy begins
- C. At 6 weeks
- D. Upon completion of the first trimester
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Folate is crucial before conception to prevent neural tube defects. Neural tube development occurs early in pregnancy, often before a woman knows she is pregnant.
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