Nursing Elites

1. A client has acute dysphagia. Which of the following nursing interventions should be included in the plan of care?

• A. Providing a straw for consumption of liquids
• B. Encouraging larger bites
• C. Placing the client in semi-Fowler's position during meals
• D. Instructing the client to tilt head forward when swallowing

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Placing the client in semi-Fowler's position during meals is the correct intervention for a client with acute dysphagia. This position helps prevent aspiration by facilitating swallowing. Providing a straw for consumption of liquids (Choice A) can increase the risk of aspiration and is not recommended for clients with dysphagia. Encouraging larger bites (Choice B) can also increase the risk of choking and aspiration. Instructing the client to tilt the head forward when swallowing (Choice D) is not the recommended technique for managing dysphagia as it does not address the underlying issue effectively.

2. Medications that reduce stomach acidity can impair the absorption of _____.

• A. calcium
• B. iron
• C. vitamin D
• D. vitamin C

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Reduced stomach acidity impairs the absorption of iron, as an acidic environment is necessary for optimal iron absorption in the stomach. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as medications that reduce stomach acidity typically do not significantly affect the absorption of calcium, vitamin D, or vitamin C.

3. Why do older adult female clients need less iron than younger adult female clients?

• A. The need for iron decreases because older female clients produce more red blood cells.
• B. The need for iron decreases with age because older female clients carry oxygen more efficiently.
• C. The need for iron decreases with age because older female clients experience menopause.
• D. The need for iron decreases with age because older female clients exercise more.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Older adult female clients need less iron than younger adult female clients because as women go through menopause, they no longer lose blood through menstruation, leading to a reduced need for iron. Choice A is incorrect because producing more red blood cells does not directly correlate with needing less iron. Choice B is incorrect as carrying oxygen more efficiently does not necessarily decrease the need for iron. Choice D is incorrect as exercising more does not explain the decreased need for iron in older adult female clients.

4. What should be the next step in the nursing research process?

• A. Review related literature
• B. Seek permission from the hospital administrator
• C. Identify the research problem
• D. Develop methods for data collection

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Develop methods for data collection' (Choice D). In the nursing research process, after the research problem has been identified, the next step would typically be to develop methods for how data will be collected. This is essential to effectively address the research problem. 'Review related literature' (Choice A), while an important step, usually occurs after the research problem has been identified and before methods for data collection are developed. 'Seek permission from the hospital administrator' (Choice B) might be necessary at some point in certain situations, but it is not the immediate next step in the research process. 'Identify the research problem' (Choice C) would typically come before developing methods for data collection. Therefore, according to the typical sequence of steps in the nursing research process, Choice D is correct.

5. An essential nutrient must:

• A. be eaten every day
• B. be obtained by the diet
• C. be water soluble
• D. be eaten at every meal

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'be obtained by the diet.' Essential nutrients are those that the body cannot synthesize in sufficient quantities and must therefore be obtained through the diet. Choice A is incorrect because not all essential nutrients need to be consumed daily; the frequency of consumption varies. Choice C is incorrect because not all essential nutrients are water-soluble; they can be water-soluble or fat-soluble. Choice D is incorrect because essential nutrients do not need to be consumed at every meal, but rather need to be included in the overall diet regularly.

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