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ATI Anatomy and Physiology Online Practice
1. Which of the following best describes a blood clot stimulating further clotting?
- A. a positive feedback mechanism.
- B. a negative feedback mechanism.
- C. a process turning itself off.
- D. nervous system communication
Correct answer: a positive feedback mechanism.
Rationale: A blood clot stimulating further clotting is an example of a positive feedback mechanism. In positive feedback, the response enhances or amplifies the original stimulus, leading to an increase in the activity. In this case, the formation of a blood clot triggers more clotting activity, creating a cycle of increasing clot formation. Negative feedback mechanisms, on the other hand, work to maintain homeostasis by counteracting changes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the situation of a blood clot stimulating further clotting.
2. What type of drug would most likely be given to a patient following a myocardial infarction?
- A. antiemetic
- B. anticoagulant
- C. anticonvulsant
- D. antibiotic
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Anticoagulants are the most suitable choice for a patient following a myocardial infarction. These medications are essential in preventing further blood clots from forming in the arteries, reducing the risk of complications such as strokes or recurrent heart attacks. Antiemetics are used to control nausea and vomiting, not directly related to myocardial infarction. Anticonvulsants are used to manage seizures, not typically indicated after a heart attack. Antibiotics are prescribed to treat bacterial infections, not routinely given after a myocardial infarction.
3. The public health nurse is working with a client who desires to move away from eating take-out and fatty foods to maintain a healthier lifestyle. The client mentions eliminating processed foods from her diet most days of the week but still struggles to consistently add fruits and vegetables to her meals. According to the Transtheoretical Model of health behavior change, this client is in which stage:
- A. Pre-contemplation
- B. Contemplation
- C. Preparation
- D. Action
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The client is in the Preparation stage as they are actively taking steps towards behavior change by eliminating processed foods from their diet most days of the week. While they still struggle to consistently add fruits and vegetables, their efforts to make small changes indicate that they are in the Preparation stage, where individuals are getting ready to take action to change their behavior.
4. A combined Apgar score of __________ indicates that the infant is in good physical condition.
- A. less than 3
- B. 3 or 4
- C. 5 or 6
- D. 7 or better
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A combined Apgar score of 7 or better indicates that the infant is in good physical condition. The Apgar score is a quick assessment of a newborn's overall health shortly after birth. It evaluates the baby's heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflexes, and color. A score of 7 or higher indicates that the baby is adjusting well to life outside the womb. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they represent scores that indicate the infant may need medical attention or assistance as they are below the threshold of 7 which signifies good physical condition.
5. A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing acute pain. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Diaphoresis
- D. Piloerection
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Diaphoresis. Diaphoresis, which is excessive sweating, is a common manifestation of acute pain caused by increased sympathetic nervous system activity. This response is the body's way of trying to regulate body temperature during the stress response. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Hypertension (Choice A) and tachycardia (not bradycardia as in Choice B) are more likely responses to acute pain due to sympathetic nervous system activation. Piloerection (Choice D), also known as goosebumps, is not a typical manifestation of acute pain.
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