Nursing Elites

1. Are the oral, nasal, orbital, and middle ear cavities in the dorsal cavity?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is False. The oral, nasal, orbital, and middle ear cavities are actually part of the ventral cavity, not the dorsal cavity. The dorsal cavity contains the cranial and spinal cavities, while the ventral cavity includes the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities. Therefore, these structures are located in the ventral cavity, not the dorsal cavity. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because these structures are not situated in the dorsal cavity.

2. Reproduction is the change in body characteristics over time.

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce offspring of the same kind. It is not related to changes in body characteristics over time. Therefore, the statement is false. Choices C and D are also incorrect as they do not align with the definition of reproduction.

3. Lowering the hand by straightening the elbow affects which of the following muscles?

• A. biceps brachii
• B. triceps brachii
• C. brachialis
• D. brachioradialis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Lowering the hand by straightening the elbow is the action of extending the forearm, which is primarily done by the triceps brachii muscle. The triceps brachii is the main extensor muscle of the elbow joint. The biceps brachii is responsible for flexing the elbow, not extending it, making it an incorrect choice. Brachialis is a strong elbow flexor, and brachioradialis helps in flexing the elbow and pronating the forearm, so they are not the primary muscles involved in straightening the elbow.

4. Is the parietal pericardium attached to the surface of the heart?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The parietal pericardium is a tough, fibrous outer layer that is attached to the diaphragm and the sternum but not directly to the surface of the heart. It forms a sac around the heart known as the pericardial sac. Therefore, the statement that the parietal pericardium is attached to the surface of the heart is false.

5. Which of the following is not an example of a homeostatic mechanism in the human body?

• A. Shivering when the body temperature falls below normal.
• B. Increasing heart rate and force of contraction when blood pressure falls.
• C. Retaining fluid excessively.
• D. Secreting insulin after a meal to return blood sugar concentration toward normal.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Homeostatic mechanisms aim to maintain internal stability within the body. Choices A, B, and D all represent examples of homeostatic mechanisms. Shivering helps generate heat to raise body temperature back to normal levels. Increasing heart rate and force of contraction work to restore blood pressure. Insulin secretion after a meal helps regulate blood sugar levels. On the other hand, retaining fluid excessively can lead to fluid imbalance rather than maintaining internal stability, making it the incorrect choice.

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