positive feedback mechanisms usually produce
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Nursing Elites

ATI RN

ATI Anatomy and Physiology Online Practice

1. Positive feedback mechanisms usually result in

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Positive feedback mechanisms usually result in unstable conditions. In a positive feedback loop, the output enhances or amplifies the changes that are occurring, leading to a deviation from the initial set point. Therefore, positive feedback does not bring values back towards the set point (Choice A). Choice B is incorrect because positive feedback does not promote stability around a set point. Choice D is also incorrect as positive feedback mechanisms typically do not lead to long-term changes; instead, they intensify the initial change, causing instability.

2. One characteristic that centenarians share is

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'never having smoked.' Research suggests that one of the common characteristics among centenarians is that they have never smoked. Smoking is a well-known risk factor for various diseases and can significantly reduce lifespan. Choice A, 'a high level of exercise throughout life,' is not a universal characteristic among centenarians, although exercise can contribute to a healthy lifestyle. Choice B, 'long-lived relatives,' while genetics can play a role in longevity, not all centenarians have long-lived relatives. Choice C, 'following the Mediterranean diet,' is a healthy dietary choice but not a defining characteristic shared by all centenarians.

3. Does the digestive system filter wastes from the blood?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is False. The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients, not filtering wastes from the blood. The excretory system, particularly the kidneys, filters wastes from the blood to form urine. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the digestive system's primary function is not waste filtration but rather digestion and absorption of nutrients.

4. Metabolism is defined as _____.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions that take place within an organism to sustain life, including processes such as breaking down molecules, building new molecules, and energy production. Choice A is incorrect because it describes excretion rather than metabolism. Choice B is incorrect as it specifically refers to the breakdown of substances, not encompassing the entirety of metabolic processes. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses solely on nutrient intake, which is just one aspect of metabolism.

5. A parietal layer of a serous membrane lines cavities, whereas a visceral layer of a serous membrane covers organs.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In serous membranes, the parietal layer lines the cavities, providing support and protection, while the visceral layer covers the organs, reducing friction and allowing them to move freely. Therefore, the correct answer is 'lines cavities; covers organs.' Choices C and D are incorrect because serous membranes do not secrete mucus; instead, they secrete a watery serous fluid. Choice A is incorrect as it reverses the functions of the parietal and visceral layers in relation to organs and cavities.

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