Nursing Elites

1. A 14-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB). Which assessment findings should the nurse expect?

• A. Cyanosis and dyspnea
• B. Productive cough and high fever
• C. Barking cough and inspiratory stridor
• D. Pale laryngeal and dyspnea

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Barking cough and inspiratory stridor.' Classic signs of laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) include a barking cough, often described as a seal-like cough, and inspiratory stridor, which is a high-pitched sound heard during inspiration. These symptoms occur due to inflammation and narrowing of the upper airway. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the typical assessment findings of LTB. Cyanosis and dyspnea (Choice A) may occur in severe cases but are not specific to LTB. Productive cough and high fever (Choice B) are more indicative of lower respiratory tract infections. Pale laryngeal and dyspnea (Choice D) are not characteristic findings of LTB.

2. What name is given to inflammation of the bladder?

• A. Cystitis
• B. Urethritis
• C. Urosepsis
• D. Bacteriuria

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cystitis is the medical term for inflammation of the bladder. Urethritis refers to inflammation of the urethra, urosepsis to a systemic infection stemming from the urinary tract, and bacteriuria to the presence of bacteria in the urine.

3. Which condition is most commonly associated with a 'sunset sign' in infants?

• A. Hydrocephalus
• B. Meningitis
• C. Cerebral palsy
• D. Encephalitis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The 'sunset sign,' characterized by downward-driven eyes, is most commonly associated with hydrocephalus. This condition causes increased intracranial pressure, leading to the eyes appearing to be forced downward. Meningitis (choice B) typically presents with symptoms such as fever, headache, and a stiff neck, but not the 'sunset sign.' Cerebral palsy (choice C) is a group of disorders affecting movement and muscle coordination, not directly related to the 'sunset sign.' Encephalitis (choice D) is inflammation of the brain, which can cause symptoms like fever, headache, and confusion, but not the specific downward eye gaze seen in the 'sunset sign.'

4. The clinic nurse is teaching parents about physiologic anemia that occurs in infants. What statement should the nurse include about the cause of physiologic anemia?

• A. Maternally derived iron stores are depleted in the first 2 months.
• B. Fetal hemoglobin results in a shortened survival of red blood cells.
• C. The production of adult hemoglobin decreases in the first year of life.
• D. Low levels of fetal hemoglobin depress the production of erythropoietin.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Physiologic anemia is caused by the transition from fetal to adult hemoglobin, with fetal hemoglobin having a shorter lifespan, leading to a temporary decrease in red blood cells.

5. The nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child. Which assessment finding would the nurse identify as abnormal?

• A. Pedals tricycle without assistance
• B. Unscrews a bolt on a toy
• C. Falls when bending over to touch toes
• D. Builds a tower of 10 cubes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Falling when bending over to touch toes could indicate a developmental delay or a balance issue that may need further assessment. Choices A, B, and D are typical developmental milestones for a 3-year-old child. Pedaling a tricycle without assistance, unscrewing a bolt on a toy, and building a tower of 10 cubes are all age-appropriate activities for a child of this age.

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