ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN
1. The Denver II is a test used to assess children. What does it evaluate?
- A. Behavior problems
- B. Developmental status
- C. Body mass index
- D. Infection likelihood
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The Denver II Developmental Screening Test is used to assess a child's development in four areas: personal-social, fine motor-adaptive, language, and gross motor skills. It helps identify children who may need further evaluation. Choice A, behavior problems, is incorrect as the Denver II primarily focuses on developmental milestones rather than behavior. Choice C, body mass index, is unrelated to the assessment of child development. Choice D, infection likelihood, is also not evaluated by the Denver II test.
2. A preschool-age boy presents to the outpatient clinic for a sore throat. In the child’s mind, which is the most likely cause for the sore throat?
- A. Being exposed to a classmate with strep throat
- B. Not eating the right foods
- C. Not taking daily vitamins
- D. Yelling at sibling for being annoying
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Preschool-age children often attribute illness to their actions, like yelling at a sibling or not following instructions. They may not understand medical causes such as exposure to infections like strep throat (choice A), dietary factors (choice B), or vitamin deficiencies (choice C). It is common for young children to connect symptoms to recent behaviors or events within their limited understanding.
3. What is the most frequent cause of hypovolemic shock in children?
- A. Sepsis
- B. Blood loss
- C. Anaphylaxis
- D. Heart failure
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Hypovolemic shock in children is most frequently caused by blood loss, which can result from trauma, surgery, or gastrointestinal bleeding. Sepsis and anaphylaxis can lead to different types of shock (septic and anaphylactic), and heart failure is related to cardiogenic shock.
4. Which factor is most likely to cause a "brittle" diabetic state in a child with type 1 diabetes?
- A. Noncompliance with diet
- B. Insulin resistance
- C. Frequent infections
- D. Hypothyroidism
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Frequent infections can destabilize blood sugar levels, leading to a "brittle" diabetic state in children with type 1 diabetes. Infections increase metabolic demands and can result in significant blood glucose fluctuations, requiring careful monitoring and adjustment of insulin therapy. Noncompliance with diet may affect blood sugar control but is not the primary cause of a "brittle" state. Insulin resistance is more common in type 2 diabetes rather than type 1. Hypothyroidism can impact metabolism but is not directly linked to the development of a "brittle" diabetic state in type 1 diabetes.
5. The nurse's approach when introducing hospital equipment to a preschooler who seems afraid should be based on which principle?
- A. The child may think the equipment is alive.
- B. Explaining the equipment will only increase the child’s fear
- C. One brief explanation will be enough to reduce the child’s fear
- D. The child is too young to understand what the equipment does
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Preschoolers may engage in magical thinking and believe inanimate objects are alive, so the nurse should explain the equipment in a way that reduces fear.