ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B
1. The parents of a newborn with an umbilical hernia ask about treatment options. The nurse's response should be based on which knowledge?
- A. Surgery is recommended as soon as possible.
- B. The defect usually resolves spontaneously by 3 to 5 years of age.
- C. Aggressive treatment is necessary to reduce its high mortality.
- D. Taping the abdomen to flatten the protrusion is not recommended.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Most umbilical hernias in newborns resolve on their own by 3 to 5 years of age without the need for surgical intervention, unless complications arise. Surgery is not typically recommended for umbilical hernias in newborns due to the high rate of spontaneous resolution. Aggressive treatment is not necessary as umbilical hernias are typically benign and not associated with high mortality. Taping the abdomen is not recommended as it can cause skin irritation and does not speed up the resolution of the hernia.
2. A client has been prescribed metoclopramide. Which of the following should the nurse include in client education regarding this medication?
- A. Notify your provider if you experience restlessness or spasms of the face or neck
- B. This medication can cause insomnia
- C. Decrease your fluid intake while taking this medication
- D. This medication can cause urinary frequency
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Notify your provider if you experience restlessness or spasms of the face or neck.' Metoclopramide can lead to extrapyramidal symptoms such as restlessness or facial spasms, which are serious and require immediate medical attention. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Insomnia is not a common side effect of metoclopramide. Increasing fluid intake is usually recommended to prevent dehydration caused by potential side effects like diarrhea. Urinary frequency is not a typical side effect associated with metoclopramide.
3. A client is 2 hr postoperative following a total hip arthroplasty. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Position the client supine with a pillow between the legs.
- B. Place an abduction pillow between the client's legs.
- C. Place a pillow under the client's knees.
- D. Position the client's legs in adduction.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: After a total hip arthroplasty, it is crucial to prevent hip dislocation. Placing an abduction pillow between the client's legs helps maintain proper alignment of the hip joint and prevents adduction, which could lead to dislocation. Therefore, choice B is the correct action. Choice A is incorrect because positioning the client supine with a pillow between the legs does not provide the necessary abduction to prevent dislocation. Choice C, placing a pillow under the client's knees, does not address the need for abduction. Choice D, positioning the client's legs in adduction, is incorrect as adduction increases the risk of hip dislocation following hip arthroplasty.
4. Which of the following is a correct statement by the nurse to a patient under radiation therapy?
- A. Brachytherapy can be performed by a pregnant nurse.
- B. Teletherapy makes the patient radioactive.
- C. Brachytherapy is an internal radiation therapy.
- D. Teletherapy requires proper disposal of feces since it can be a source of radiation.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Brachytherapy is an internal radiation therapy.' Brachytherapy involves the placement of radioactive sources inside or next to the area requiring treatment. This differs from teletherapy, which is external radiation therapy. Choice A is incorrect as pregnant individuals should avoid exposure to radiation. Choice B is incorrect because teletherapy does not make the patient radioactive; the radiation source is external. Choice D is incorrect as feces is not a significant source of radiation during teletherapy.
5. What role do genetic predispositions play in the development of mental disorders?
- A. Genetic predispositions solely determine the development of mental disorders.
- B. Genetic predispositions play a role but are not solely responsible for the development of mental disorders.
- C. Genetic predispositions have no influence on mental disorders.
- D. Genetic predispositions guarantee the development of mental disorders.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Genetic predispositions are indeed a factor in the development of mental disorders, but they are not the sole determining factor. While genetics can predispose individuals to certain conditions, environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and life experiences also play a significant role. Choice A is incorrect because mental disorders are influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Choice C is incorrect as genetic predispositions do have an impact on mental health. Choice D is incorrect as genetic predispositions do not guarantee the development of mental disorders, as other factors also contribute to their onset.
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