ATI RN
Growth and Development Exam
1. __________ doubles the risk of SIDS.
- A. Failure to tightly swaddle an infant during sleep
- B. Use of a pacifier or a security blanket
- C. Placing an infant to sleep on his back
- D. Cigarette smoking by a caregiver Answer: D Page Ref: 106 Box: BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT: The Mysterious Tragedy of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Skill Level: Understand Topic: The Newborn Baby’s Capacities Difficulty Level: Moderate
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Cigarette smoking by a caregiver doubles the risk of SIDS. Secondhand smoke exposure can increase the likelihood of SIDS due to the toxins and chemicals present in cigarette smoke. It is important to have a smoke-free environment for infants to reduce the risk of SIDS.
2. Where is the best place to observe for the presence of petechiae in dark-skinned individuals?
- A. Face
- B. Buttocks
- C. Oral mucosa
- D. Palms and soles
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The oral mucosa and conjunctivae are the best places to observe petechiae in dark-skinned individuals because these areas have less pigmentation.
3. In an experiment, the investigators manipulate variables to learn how one affects another.?
- A. A data-collection method in which participants respond to questions
- B. The entire group that is of interest to a researcher
- C. A detailed description of a single culture or context
- D. A study that tests a causal hypothesis
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because in an experimental design, investigators manipulate variables to determine the effect of one on another. This process allows researchers to test causal hypotheses by manipulating one variable while keeping others constant. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly relate to manipulating variables in an experiment.
4. A nurse is providing nutritional education to a client who is obese. The nurse should include in the information that which of the following gastrointestinal disorders is commonly associated with obesity?
- A. Peptic ulcer disease
- B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- C. Celiac disease
- D. Crohn’s disease
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is commonly associated with obesity due to increased abdominal pressure and other factors. Peptic ulcer disease (Choice A) is not commonly associated with obesity. Celiac disease (Choice C) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten consumption and is not directly linked to obesity. Crohn’s disease (Choice D) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease and is not specifically associated with obesity.
5. Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 is the ________ stage.
- A. oral
- B. anal
- C. phallic
- D. genital
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 is the phallic stage. During this stage, children focus on the genitals and start to identify with the same-sex parent while developing the superego. Choice A, the oral stage, occurs during infancy (0-1 year), where gratification is centered around the mouth. Choice B, the anal stage, occurs between the ages of 1 and 3, focusing on toilet training. Choice D, the genital stage, is the final stage in Freud's theory, occurring from puberty onwards, where the focus is on mature sexual relationships.
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