Nursing Elites

1. A nurse teaches a client who is being discharged home with a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). Which statement should the nurse include in this clients teaching?

• A. avoid carrying your grandchild with the arm that has the central catheter.
• B. Be sure to place the arm with the central catheter in a sling during the day
• C. Flush the peripherally inserted central catheter line with normal saline daily.
• D. You can use the arm with the central catheter for most activities of daily living.

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

2. A nurse preparing to start an IV on a newly admitted patient teaches the patient about the procedure and begins to prepare the site. The nurse should always start by:

• A. Leaving one hand ungloved to assess the site
• B. Preparing the skin with an iodine solution
• C. Asking the patient if they are allergic to latex or iodine
• D. Removing excessive hair at the selected site

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Before preparing the skin, the nurse should ask the patient if they are allergic to latex or iodine, which are commonly used in IV therapy setup. This is crucial to prevent potential allergic reactions at the IV site or even life-threatening anaphylaxis. Leaving one hand ungloved (choice A) is not a recommended practice as both hands should be gloved for infection control. While preparing the skin with an iodine solution (choice B) is a step in the process, ensuring the patient's safety by checking for allergies comes first. Removing excessive hair at the selected site (choice D) is not necessary and can lead to skin irritation.

3. Which negative ion is most abundant in blood plasma?

• A. Bicarbonate
• B. Chloride
• C. Hydroxide
• D. Phosphate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Chloride (Cl-) is the most abundant anion in blood plasma. It plays a crucial role in maintaining osmotic balance and acid-base homeostasis. Bicarbonate (Choice A) is important for buffering acids in the body but is not the most abundant negative ion in blood plasma. Hydroxide (Choice C) is not typically found in high concentrations in blood plasma. Phosphate (Choice D) is an important anion in the body but is not as abundant as chloride in blood plasma.

4. A nurse assesses a client who is admitted for treatment of fluid overload. Which manifestations should the nurse expect to find? (Select all that do not apply.)

• A. Increased pulse rate
• B. . Distended neck veins
• C. Warm and pink skin
• D. Skeletal muscle weakness

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

5. Under normal circumstances, the kidneys provide the greatest means of water loss. Which organ provides the second greatest means of water loss?

• A. Skin
• B. Lungs
• C. Intestines
• D. Muscles

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Skin. After the kidneys, the skin is the second largest route of water loss through perspiration. Choice B, Lungs, is incorrect as the lungs primarily exchange gases and do not play a significant role in water loss. Choice C, Intestines, is also incorrect as water loss through the intestines is minimal since most water is reabsorbed during digestion. Choice D, Muscles, is incorrect as muscles are not a major source of water loss in the body.

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