ATI RN
ATI Fluid and Electrolytes
1. What is the main force that pushes fluid in blood capillaries?
- A. Blood pressure.
- B. Sodium in the blood plasma.
- C. Sodium in the interstitial fluid.
- D. Protein in the blood plasma.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, blood pressure. Blood pressure is the primary force that pushes fluid out of the capillaries into the surrounding tissues. This pressure difference is essential for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products between the blood and tissues. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the primary force responsible for pushing fluid in blood capillaries.
2. A client with a new prescription for Escitalopram for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder is being taught by a healthcare provider. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should take the medication on an empty stomach.
- B. I will follow a low-sodium diet while taking this medication.
- C. I need to discontinue this medication slowly.
- D. I should not crush this medication before swallowing.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. When discontinuing escitalopram, the client should taper the medication slowly according to a prescribed tapered dosing schedule to reduce the risk of withdrawal syndrome. This gradual reduction helps minimize potential withdrawal symptoms and ensures a safer discontinuation process. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because taking escitalopram on an empty stomach, following a low-sodium diet, and not crushing the medication are not directly related to the safe and effective use of the medication or its discontinuation process.
3. As a new nurse on a pediatric unit, you must work nights and you have minimal time to spend with your children. Your colleague observes that you speak abruptly with parents and you become easily annoyed when the patients cry or when they are demanding. You realize you are becoming increasingly more distressed and that you have no time with your children and, as a result you: (Select all that apply.)
- A. Express negative comments to colleagues about patients and parents who annoy you.
- B. Ask the nurse manager to have a schedule with an equal number of day and night shifts so that you can be with your children.
- C. Call off sick as frequently as you can without violating policies so that you have more time with your children.
- D. Minimize your communication with patients and parents so you do not offend them.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Asking the nurse manager for a schedule with an equal number of day and night shifts is a proactive and constructive approach to address the issue of having minimal time with your children. This solution aims to balance work and personal life effectively. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Expressing negative comments about patients and parents (Choice A) is unprofessional and can create a negative work environment. Calling off sick frequently (Choice C) is irresponsible and violates work policies, leading to potential disciplinary actions. Minimizing communication with patients and parents (Choice D) is not a suitable approach as effective communication is essential in healthcare to provide optimal care and support to patients and their families.
4. The HCP orders cultures of the urethral urine, bladder urine, and prostatic fluid. Which instructions would the nurse teach to achieve the first two (2) specimens?
- A. Collect the first 15 mL in one jar and then the next 50 mL in another
- B. Collect three (3) early morning, clean voided urine specimens
- C. Collect the specimens after the HCP massages the prostate
- D. Collect a routine urine specimen for analysis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to collect the first 15 mL in one jar and then the next 50 mL in another. This method allows for accurate cultures of urethral and bladder urine. Choice B is incorrect because it does not specify the correct method for collecting urethral and bladder urine separately. Choice C is incorrect because prostatic fluid is a separate specimen that does not require prostatic massage for collection. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests collecting a routine urine specimen, which does not fulfill the HCP's orders for specific cultures.
5. What is the MOST COMMON cause of vaginal bleeding immediately after birth?
- A. Uterine atony
- B. Genital lacerations
- C. Abnormal clotting mechanisms
- D. Endometritis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Vaginal bleeding immediately after birth is most commonly due to uterine atony. Uterine atony is the failure of the uterine muscle to contract adequately after childbirth, leading to postpartum hemorrhage. This condition is more frequent than genital lacerations, abnormal clotting mechanisms, or endometritis as a cause of immediate postpartum bleeding.
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