ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology
1. A client has a prescription for Bethanechol to treat urinary retention. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of muscarinic stimulation?
- A. Dry mouth
- B. Hypertension
- C. Excessive perspiration
- D. Fecal impaction
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Excessive perspiration. Bethanechol is a muscarinic agonist that stimulates muscarinic receptors. Activation of muscarinic receptors can lead to excessive perspiration (diaphoresis) due to increased cholinergic activity, affecting sweat glands. Dry mouth, hypertension, and fecal impaction are not typically associated with muscarinic stimulation. Dry mouth is more commonly associated with anticholinergic medications, hypertension can be a result of alpha-adrenergic stimulation, and fecal impaction is not a direct effect of muscarinic receptor activation.
2. The nurse is teaching a parent of a 6-month-old infant with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) before discharge. What instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Elevate the head of the bed in the crib to a 90-degree angle while the infant is sleeping.
- B. Hold the infant in the prone position after a feeding.
- C. Discontinue breastfeeding so that a formula and rice cereal mixture can be used.
- D. Prescribed cimetidine (Tagamet) should be given 30 minutes before feedings.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Cimetidine is an H2 blocker that reduces stomach acid, helping manage GER. Holding the infant in the prone position is not recommended due to the risk of SIDS. Breastfeeding should not be discontinued unless advised by a physician. Elevating the head to 90 degrees is excessive.
3. A nurse is providing oral hygiene for an unconscious client. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Position the client on one side with the head turned towards you
- B. Handle dentures with care
- C. Use gentle brushing and flossing techniques for clients with fragile mucosa
- D. Have a suction apparatus ready at the bedside
Correct answer: Position the client on one side with the head turned towards you
Rationale:
4. Why is a client with osteoporosis prone to fractures?
- A. The client has bone spurs that lead to fractures
- B. The client has increased bone density
- C. The client has porous bones
- D. The client is not prone to fractures
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Osteoporosis is characterized by porous, weak bones due to decreased bone density. This porous nature of bones in osteoporosis makes them more prone to fractures. Choice A is incorrect because bone spurs do not lead to fractures in osteoporosis; they are bony outgrowths unrelated to osteoporosis. Choice B is incorrect as osteoporosis is associated with decreased, not increased, bone density. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with osteoporosis are indeed prone to fractures due to weakened bones.
5. A nurse is assessing a client who reports pain at the site of an indwelling urinary catheter. What is the nurse's first action?
- A. Irrigate the catheter with normal saline
- B. Notify the provider
- C. Administer prescribed antibiotics
- D. Assess for signs of infection
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a client reports pain at the site of an indwelling urinary catheter, the nurse's first action should be to notify the provider. This is important to ensure timely assessment and intervention by the healthcare provider. Irrigating the catheter with normal saline or administering antibiotics should not be done without provider's orders as it may mask symptoms or lead to inappropriate treatment. Assessing for signs of infection is important but should come after notifying the provider, who can guide further assessment and treatment.
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