ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Quizlet
1. A client has a new prescription for Furosemide. Which of the following instructions should be included?
- A. Take this medication at bedtime.
- B. Avoid eating foods high in potassium.
- C. Change positions slowly.
- D. Take this medication with meals.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide is a diuretic that can lead to orthostatic hypotension, causing dizziness and falls. Instructing the client to change positions slowly helps prevent these adverse effects by allowing the body to adjust to postural changes gradually, reducing the risk of significant blood pressure drops upon standing up quickly.
2. During discharge instructions, a client with a new prescription for Phenytoin should be advised to take which of the following actions?
- A. Brush and floss your teeth regularly.
- B. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
- C. Take this medication on an empty stomach.
- D. Increase your intake of calcium-rich foods.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client with a new prescription for Phenytoin is to brush and floss their teeth regularly. Phenytoin is known to cause gingival hyperplasia, a condition that affects the gums. By maintaining good oral hygiene practices such as regular brushing and flossing, the client can help minimize the risk of developing this side effect. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Avoiding grapefruit juice is more relevant for medications affected by grapefruit juice metabolism, taking medication on an empty stomach is not specifically indicated for Phenytoin, and increasing calcium-rich foods is not directly related to the side effects or administration of Phenytoin.
3. When a nurse assesses a client's IV catheter insertion site and notes a hematoma, which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Stop the infusion.
- B. Apply alcohol to the insertion site.
- C. Apply warm compresses to the insertion site.
- D. Elevate the client's arm.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When a nurse detects a hematoma at the IV catheter insertion site, applying warm compresses is beneficial as it can promote healing by enhancing circulation and reducing swelling. Elevating the client's arm helps in reducing edema, which can relieve pressure, pain, and further bleeding in the hematoma area. Stopping the infusion may be necessary in certain situations, but it is not a standard action for all hematoma cases. Applying alcohol to the insertion site is discouraged as it can cause irritation and may not aid in resolving the hematoma.
4. When a client reports urticaria and dyspnea after receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, which medication should be administered first?
- A. Administer epinephrine
- B. Administer albuterol
- C. Administer diphenhydramine
- D. Administer prednisone
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In the scenario described, the client is experiencing symptoms of a severe allergic reaction. The priority intervention is to administer epinephrine. Epinephrine acts quickly to reverse the effects of the allergic reaction and can be life-saving in cases of anaphylaxis. Albuterol is used for bronchodilation and may help with respiratory symptoms but is not the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. Diphenhydramine and prednisone are used for allergic reactions but are not as rapid-acting as epinephrine and should be considered after administering epinephrine in this situation.
5. A client is being educated by a healthcare provider about a new prescription for Digoxin. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will take the medication with a high-fiber meal.
- B. I should report any vision changes to my healthcare provider.
- C. I will take the medication if my heart rate is below 60 bpm.
- D. I should avoid dairy products while taking this medication.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Visual disturbances, such as blurred vision or seeing halos, can be a sign of digoxin toxicity. It is crucial for the client to report any changes in vision to their healthcare provider promptly to prevent serious complications. Choice A is incorrect because taking Digoxin with a high-fiber meal can affect its absorption. Choice C is incorrect because taking Digoxin based on heart rate alone is not recommended without healthcare provider supervision. Choice D is incorrect because there is no specific interaction between Digoxin and dairy products.
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