what pathologic process is believed to be responsible for the development of postinfectious glomerulonephritis

ATI RN

RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN

1. What pathologic process is believed to be responsible for the development of postinfectious glomerulonephritis?

A. Infarction of renal vessels
B. Immune complex formation and glomerular deposition
C. Bacterial endotoxin deposition on and destruction of glomeruli
D. Embolization of glomeruli by bacteria and fibrin from endocardial vegetation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Postinfectious glomerulonephritis is typically caused by immune complex deposition in the glomeruli following a streptococcal infection. This immune response leads to inflammation and impaired kidney function.

2. The parent of a 2-week-old infant asks the nurse if fluoride supplements are necessary because the infant is exclusively breastfed. What is the nurse's best response?

A. The infant needs to begin taking them now.
B. Supplements are not needed if you drink fluoridated water.
C. The infant may need to begin taking them at age 6 months.
D. The infant can have infant cereal mixed with fluoridated water instead of supplements.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Breastfed infants may need fluoride supplements starting at 6 months if they are not receiving fluoride from other sources, such as drinking water.

3. Which is an accurate description of homosexual (or gay-lesbian) families?

A. A nurturing environment is lacking.
B. The children become homosexual like their parents.
C. The stability needed to raise healthy children is lacking.
D. The quality of parenting is equivalent to that of nongay parents.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Research shows that the quality of parenting in homosexual families is equivalent to that in heterosexual families, and children thrive in nurturing environments provided by same-sex parents.

4. A mother delivers an infant at 30 weeks gestation and asks if formula is better than breast milk since the baby is premature. What should the nurse respond?

A. Human milk is preferred over other types of nutrition
B. Human milk lacks essential nutrients for preterm infants
C. Commercial infant formulas are preferred for preterm infants
D. Commercial formulas have not been designed to meet preterm infants' needs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Human milk is preferred, even for preterm infants, because it contains essential nutrients and antibodies that are particularly beneficial for their growth and development. Choice B is incorrect because human milk is rich in essential nutrients necessary for preterm infants. Choice C is incorrect as commercial infant formulas do not provide the same benefits as human milk. Choice D is incorrect as specialized formulas are available to meet the unique nutritional needs of preterm infants, but human milk remains the optimal choice.

5. What statement is most descriptive of Meckel diverticulum?

A. It is present from birth.
B. Intestinal bleeding may be mild or profuse.
C. It occurs with equal frequency in both genders.
D. Surgical interventions are always necessary to treat the problem.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Meckel diverticulum often presents with intestinal bleeding, which can vary in severity. It is a congenital condition, meaning it is present from birth, not acquired during childhood (choice A). Meckel diverticulum is slightly more common in males than in females, so it does not occur more frequently in females (choice C). While some cases of Meckel diverticulum may require surgical intervention, medical interventions can also be sufficient to treat the problem, so it is not always necessary to resort to surgery (choice D).