ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN
1. What statement best describes Hirschsprung disease?
- A. The colon has an aganglionic segment.
- B. It results in frequent evacuation of solids, liquid, and gas.
- C. The neonate passes excessive amounts of meconium.
- D. It results in excessive peristaltic movements within the gastrointestinal tract.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Hirschsprung disease is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in a segment of the colon, leading to a lack of peristalsis and obstruction. The other options do not accurately describe this condition.
2. Which of the following statements about medications is true?
- A. Over-the-counter medications are unlikely to interact with food or nutrients
- B. Prescription medications always have significant interactions with food
- C. Prescription and nonprescription drugs and herbal remedies interact with food
- D. Herbal products are generally safe since they are natural
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. This statement is true because both prescription medications and over-the-counter medications, along with herbal remedies, can interact with food. Choice A is incorrect because over-the-counter medications can also interact with food or nutrients. Choice B is incorrect as not all prescription medications have significant interactions with food. Choice D is misleading because herbal products are not always safe, as they can have side effects and interact with other medications.
3. Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle from the aorta?
- A. Aortic valve
- B. Mitral valve
- C. Tricuspid valve
- D. Pulmonary valve
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Aortic valve. The aortic valve is positioned between the left ventricle and the aorta. It prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after it has been pumped into the aorta. The mitral valve (Choice B) is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle, the tricuspid valve (Choice C) is between the right atrium and right ventricle, and the pulmonary valve (Choice D) is situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Therefore, they are not responsible for preventing backflow from the aorta into the left ventricle.
4. What test uses sound waves to create images of the heart and assess its structure and function?
- A. Echocardiogram
- B. MRI
- C. CT scan
- D. X-ray
Correct answer: A
Rationale: An echocardiogram is the correct answer because it is a test specifically designed to use sound waves to create images of the heart, allowing healthcare providers to assess both its structure and function, as well as to detect any abnormalities. MRI (Choice B), CT scan (Choice C), and X-ray (Choice D) do not primarily use sound waves for imaging the heart; therefore, they are not the most appropriate choices for this scenario.
5. A nurse is planning care to address nutritional needs for a preschooler with cystic fibrosis. Which interventions should the nurse include in plans?
- A. Administer pancreatic enzymes 2 hours after meals.
- B. Monitor and adjust the use of pancreatic enzymes if steatorrhea develops.
- C. Encourage adequate fluid intake based on the child's needs.
- D. Increase fat content in the child's diet to 40% of total calories.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Increasing fat content in the diet is essential for meeting the high energy needs of a child with cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis impairs the absorption of nutrients, particularly fats, so increasing the fat content in the child's diet to 40% of total calories helps ensure adequate caloric intake. This intervention can help maintain the child's nutritional status and support growth and development.
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