Nursing Elites

1. Congenital defects of the genitourinary tract, such as hypospadias, are usually repaired as early as possible to accomplish what?

• A. Minimize separation anxiety
• B. Prevent urinary complications.
• C. Increase acceptance of hospitalization.
• D. Promote development of normal body image.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Early repair of congenital genitourinary defects like hypospadias is important to promote a normal body image and avoid psychological issues as the child grows. It also helps prevent urinary complications and allows for normal development.

2. The nurse is caring for a child receiving chemotherapy with the following orders: Zantac 70 mg IV in normal saline 30 mL to infuse over 30 minutes. The nurse should set the infusion pump to deliver how many mL/hour?

• A. 60 mL/hour
• B. 45 mL/hour
• C. 30 mL/hour
• D. 15 mL/hour

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 60 mL/hour. The total volume to be infused is 30 mL over 30 minutes. To calculate the infusion rate in mL/hour, divide the total volume by the total time in hours. In this case, 30 mL / 0.5 hours = 60 mL/hour. Choice B, 45 mL/hour, is incorrect as it does not correspond to the calculated infusion rate. Choices C and D, 30 mL/hour and 15 mL/hour respectively, are also incorrect based on the calculation.

3. A teen with asthma asks the nurse why it is hard to breathe during an asthma attack. The nurse explains that exposure to a “trigger” results in which of these manifestations?

• A. Bronchodilation, muscle relaxation, and decreased mucus production
• B. Air trapping and hypo-inflation of the alveoli
• C. Air trapping and decreased blood flow to the upper airway
• D. Bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and excess mucus production

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Asthma triggers cause bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and increased mucus production, leading to difficulty breathing. This combination of manifestations results in narrowing of the airways, making it hard for the individual to breathe effectively. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because during an asthma attack, bronchodilation, muscle relaxation, and decreased mucus production do not occur. Instead, the airways constrict, become inflamed, and produce excess mucus, contributing to the breathing difficulties experienced by individuals with asthma.

4. What is the most appropriate intervention for a child with suspected acute appendicitis?

• A. Administer antibiotics
• B. Apply heat to the abdomen
• C. Encourage oral fluids
• D. Prepare for surgery

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Prepare for surgery. Acute appendicitis is a surgical emergency that requires prompt removal of the appendix to prevent complications like rupture and peritonitis. Administering antibiotics (choice A) may be part of the treatment plan but should not delay surgical intervention. Applying heat to the abdomen (choice B) is not recommended as it can worsen the inflammation of the appendix. Encouraging oral fluids (choice C) is generally beneficial, but the priority in acute appendicitis is surgical intervention.

5. Evidence-based practice (EBP), a decision-making model, is best described as which?

• A. Using information in textbooks to guide care
• B. Combining knowledge with clinical experience and intuition
• C. Using a professional code of ethics as a means for decision-making
• D. Gathering all evidence that applies to the child’s health and family situation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Evidence-based practice involves gathering and integrating all relevant evidence to guide clinical decision-making, ensuring that care is based on the best available research.

Similar Questions