among people who are ill significant weight loss may be masked by

ATI RN

Proctored Nutrition ATI

1. Among people who are ill, significant weight loss may be masked by?

A. dehydration
B. a large tumor
C. drug therapy
D. fluid retention

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Fluid retention can mask weight loss in ill individuals as the retained fluid adds to body weight, making it difficult to detect true fat or muscle loss. Dehydration (Choice A) would actually lead to weight loss rather than masking it. While a large tumor (Choice B) could contribute to weight loss, it would not mask the weight loss itself. Drug therapy (Choice C) may cause side effects, including weight changes, but it is unlikely to mask significant weight loss in the same way that fluid retention does.

2. What is the most common type of kidney stone?

A. Cystine
B. Calcium
C. Struvite
D. Uric acid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most common type of kidney stone is calcium-based, specifically calcium oxalate. This is usually due to high calcium levels in the urine, which can be caused by dietary factors or certain metabolic disorders. Cystine stones, on the other hand, are less common and occur in individuals with a hereditary disorder leading to excessive excretion of certain amino acids. Struvite stones are often formed in response to an infection. Uric acid stones may occur in individuals who do not consume sufficient fluids or who lose too much fluid, among other factors. Therefore, while all these substances can form stones in the kidneys, calcium stones are the most common.

3. A healthcare professional has just inserted an NG tube for a client who is to start enteral tube feedings. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take to verify tube placement?

A. Measure the tube length.
B. Obtain an abdominal x-ray.
C. Flush the tube with 20 mL of water.
D. Auscultate the client’s lungs.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Obtaining an abdominal x-ray is the most accurate method to verify the correct placement of an NG tube. Measuring the tube length is not a reliable method to confirm placement as it may vary among individuals. Flushing the tube with water and auscultating the client's lungs are not definitive methods to ensure proper NG tube placement.

4. High blood pressure is defined as systolic and diastolic measurements greater than or equal to:

A. 140 mm Hg and 90 mm Hg, respectively
B. 150 mm Hg and 80 mm Hg, respectively
C. 160 mm Hg and 110 mm Hg, respectively
D. 180 mm Hg and 120 mm Hg, respectively

Correct answer: A

Rationale: High blood pressure, or hypertension, is typically defined as having a systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher and/or a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Choice B is incorrect because it suggests a higher systolic measurement than the standard definition. Choice C is incorrect as it provides an even higher systolic measurement and a much higher diastolic measurement. Choice D is also incorrect as it suggests extremely elevated blood pressure values, well above the typical definition of hypertension.

5. Uric acid kidney stones are most commonly associated with what condition?

A. diabetes
B. hypercalcemia
C. gout
D. diarrhea

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Gout is a condition characterized by high levels of uric acid, which can lead to the formation of uric acid kidney stones due to the crystallization of uric acid in the kidneys.