ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Final Exam Quizlet
1. Brain growth is especially dramatic during __________, when the brain more than doubles in size.
- A. the first year
- B. the second year
- C. middle childhood
- D. adolescence
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Brain growth is especially dramatic during the first year of life when the brain more than doubles in size. This period is characterized by rapid neural development and growth. The brain doesn't double in size during the second year, making choice B incorrect. Middle childhood and adolescence do not represent periods where the brain more than doubles in size, making choices C and D incorrect, respectively.
2. A client with bipolar disorder is prescribed lithium. Which dietary instruction should the nurse provide?
- A. Avoid foods high in potassium.
- B. Increase intake of caffeinated beverages.
- C. Maintain consistent sodium intake.
- D. Follow a low-protein diet.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client with bipolar disorder prescribed lithium is to maintain consistent sodium intake. Fluctuations in sodium levels can impact lithium levels, potentially leading to toxicity. Therefore, it is crucial to advise the client to keep their sodium intake consistent to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the lithium therapy. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Avoiding foods high in potassium is not directly related to lithium therapy. Increasing intake of caffeinated beverages can interfere with the action of lithium. Following a low-protein diet is not a standard recommendation for clients prescribed lithium.
3. A nurse is planning care for a client who is 6 hours postoperative following a total hip arthroplasty. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Place a wedge under the client's affected leg.
- B. Keep the client's hip flexed at a 90° angle.
- C. Position the client with the legs extended and the hip externally rotated.
- D. Keep the client's leg abductor pillow in place while in bed.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In caring for a client 6 hours postoperative following a total hip arthroplasty, it is crucial to keep the leg abductor pillow in place while in bed. This intervention helps prevent hip dislocation by maintaining proper alignment and stability of the hip joint. Placing a wedge under the client's affected leg (Choice A) may not provide adequate support and could potentially compromise the surgical site. Keeping the client's hip flexed at a 90° angle (Choice B) or positioning the client with the legs extended and the hip externally rotated (Choice C) are not recommended post total hip arthroplasty as they may increase the risk of hip dislocation.
4. Which part of the nephron is closest to the collecting duct?
- A. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
- B. Bowman's Capsule
- C. Afferent Arteriole
- D. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
Correct answer: Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
Rationale: The correct answer is the Distal convoluted tubule (DCT). The DCT is the part of the nephron closest to the collecting duct, where the final adjustments to electrolyte and fluid balance are made. Bowman's Capsule is located at the beginning of the nephron, where filtration of blood occurs. The Afferent Arteriole brings blood to the glomerulus for filtration. The Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) is situated after the Bowman's Capsule and is not the part closest to the collecting duct.
5. With the National Center for Health Statistics criteria, which body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentiles should indicate the patient is at risk for being overweight?
- A. 10th percentile
- B. 75th percentile
- C. 85th percentile
- D. 95th percentile
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A BMI-for-age at the 85th percentile indicates a child is at risk for being overweight, according to the National Center for Health Statistics criteria.
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