Nursing Elites

1. Which country does not rank well on any key measure of children's health and well-being?

• A. Sweden
• B. Spain
• C. Australia
• D. The United States

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The United States is the correct answer as it ranks poorly in measures of children's health and well-being compared to other developed nations. According to the extract provided, the United States does not perform well in this aspect. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as there is no information provided suggesting that Sweden, Spain, or Australia do not rank well on key measures of children's health and well-being.

2. Which statement about prenatal marijuana exposure is true?

• A. It is linked to impulsivity and overactivity.
• B. Lasting consequences are well-established.
• C. Studies show no negative effects of exposure.
• D. It is linked to an array of physical malformations.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'It is linked to impulsivity and overactivity.' Prenatal marijuana exposure has been associated with impulsivity and overactivity in children based on research findings. However, lasting consequences of prenatal marijuana exposure are not as well-established compared to other teratogens. Choice B is incorrect because lasting consequences are not firmly established. Choice C is incorrect because studies have shown negative effects of prenatal marijuana exposure. Choice D is incorrect as prenatal marijuana exposure is not primarily linked to physical malformations.

3. Natural childbirth experts Grantly Dick-Read and Fernand Lamaze recognized that cultural attitudes about childbirth had __________.

• A. taught women to fear the birth experience
• B. helped women develop breathing techniques to lessen the pain of labor
• C. taught women that medical intervention was unnecessary in childbirth
• D. helped women focus on child rearing rather than childbirth

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Natural childbirth experts Grantly Dick-Read and Fernand Lamaze recognized that cultural attitudes about childbirth had taught women to fear the birth experience. They believed that this fear contributed to increased pain during labor and advocated for methods to reduce fear and promote relaxation during childbirth. Choice B is incorrect as the focus is on fear, not on techniques to lessen pain. Choice C is incorrect as the experts did not advocate against medical intervention but rather against unnecessary fear. Choice D is incorrect as the experts aimed to change attitudes towards childbirth, not redirect focus to child rearing.

4. Which state of arousal is considered the most fleeting?

• A. Regular sleep
• B. REM sleep
• C. Drowsiness
• D. Quiet alertness

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Quiet alertness is indeed the most fleeting state of arousal. This state is characterized by a newborn infant being awake, calm, and attentive, but it is short-lived and transitions quickly to other states of arousal. Regular sleep, REM sleep, and drowsiness are not considered as brief and transitional as quiet alertness in newborn infants.

5. Small-for-date infants __________ than preterm infants.

• A. catch fewer infections during the first year
• B. are less likely to die during the first year
• C. more often show evidence of brain damage
• D. have higher intelligence tests by middle childhood

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Small-for-date infants more often show evidence of brain damage than preterm infants. This can be attributed to factors such as intrauterine growth restriction and poor nutrition during pregnancy, which can affect the development of the baby's brain. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because there is no evidence to support that small-for-date infants catch fewer infections, are less likely to die, or have higher intelligence tests compared to preterm infants.

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