Nursing Elites

1. Which country does not rank well on any key measure of children's health and well-being?

• A. Sweden
• B. Spain
• C. Australia
• D. The United States

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The United States is the correct answer as it ranks poorly in measures of children's health and well-being compared to other developed nations. According to the extract provided, the United States does not perform well in this aspect. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as there is no information provided suggesting that Sweden, Spain, or Australia do not rank well on key measures of children's health and well-being.

2. Dr. Redmund characterizes his view of development as a bioecological model. His perspective is aligned with that of which theorist?

• A. Jean Piaget
• B. Urie Bronfenbrenner
• C. Lev Vygotsky
• D. Niko Tinbergen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Dr. Redmund's view of development aligns with the bioecological model, which is associated with Urie Bronfenbrenner. This model emphasizes the interaction between an individual's biological characteristics and environmental influences in development. Jean Piaget's theory focuses on cognitive development, Lev Vygotsky's theory emphasizes social interactions, and Niko Tinbergen is known for his work in animal behavior and instinct, not human development. Therefore, the correct answer is Urie Bronfenbrenner (Choice B).

3. Today, Albert Bandura's theory stresses the importance of __________.

• A. behavior modification
• B. punishment
• C. cognition
• D. reinforcement

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Albert Bandura's theory stresses the importance of cognition. Bandura's Social Learning Theory emphasizes the role of cognitive processes in learning and behavior, including the influence of observation, modeling, and mental representations. This theory highlights how individuals learn through observation and imitation of others, as well as their own thought processes and beliefs. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while behavior modification, punishment, and reinforcement are aspects related to learning theories, they are not the primary focus of Bandura's theory, which revolves around cognition and social learning.

4. __________ parenting in particular is linked to emerging adults' psychological well-being.

• A. Overprotective
• B. Permissive
• C. Autonomy-supportive
• D. Helicopter

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Autonomy-supportive parenting, which encourages independence and decision-making skills, is positively linked to the psychological well-being of emerging adults. This style of parenting fosters resilience and self-esteem. Overprotective parenting (choice A) may hinder the development of autonomy and problem-solving abilities, leading to increased anxiety. Permissive parenting (choice B) lacks structure and limits, potentially resulting in difficulties with self-regulation. Helicopter parenting (choice D) involves excessive intervention and control, which can impede the development of self-reliance and confidence.

5. When trying to soothe a crying baby, what technique do Western parents typically attempt first?

• A. Massaging the baby's body
• B. Offering a pacifier and a receiving blanket
• C. Playing recorded womb sounds or sounds of nature
• D. Lifting the baby to the shoulder and rocking or walking

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When Western parents aim to soothe a crying baby, the technique they usually try first is lifting the baby to the shoulder and rocking or walking. This method is effective because the motion and closeness provided by rocking or walking can help calm the baby and offer comfort. Choice A is incorrect as massaging the baby's body is not typically the first technique used. Choice B is incorrect as offering a pacifier and a receiving blanket may be tried after lifting the baby to the shoulder. Choice C is also incorrect as playing recorded sounds is usually not the initial technique attempted.

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