ATI RN
ATI Anatomy and Physiology
1. Which of the following structures of the gastrointestinal system absorbs iron and bile salts?
- A. Ileum
- B. Jejunum
- C. Colon
- D. Duodenum
Correct answer: Ileum
Rationale: The correct answer is the Ileum. The Ileum is the final section of the small intestine where the absorption of key nutrients such as iron and bile salts occurs. The Jejunum mainly absorbs nutrients like carbohydrates and proteins, while the Duodenum primarily facilitates the absorption of minerals and vitamins. The Colon's main function is to absorb water and electrolytes, not iron and bile salts. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect.
2. What is the most appropriate nutritional advice for a patient with hypertension?
- A. Increase salt intake
- B. Reduce fiber intake
- C. Increase potassium intake
- D. Increase sugar intake
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Increasing potassium intake can help manage blood pressure levels in patients with hypertension.
3. A client is vomiting. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Provide the client with an emesis basin
- B. Notify housekeeping
- C. Prevent the client from aspirating
- D. Administer an antiemetic to the client
Correct answer: Prevent the client from aspirating
Rationale: When a client is vomiting, the priority action for the nurse is to prevent the client from aspirating. Aspiration can lead to serious respiratory complications. Providing the client with an emesis basin can be helpful but preventing aspiration takes precedence. Notifying housekeeping and administering an antiemetic are secondary actions that can be addressed once the client's safety is ensured.
4. What is the priority lab value for monitoring a patient with HIV?
- A. CD4 T-cell count below 180 cells/mm3
- B. Serum albumin levels
- C. White blood cell count
- D. Hemoglobin levels
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: CD4 T-cell count below 180 cells/mm3. Monitoring the CD4 T-cell count is crucial in patients with HIV as it serves as a key indicator of immune function. A count below 180 cells/mm3 indicates severe immunocompromise and an increased risk of opportunistic infections. Choice B, serum albumin levels, though important for assessing nutritional status, is not the priority lab value for HIV monitoring. Choice C, white blood cell count, is a nonspecific measure of immune function and may not accurately reflect the status of the immune system in HIV patients. Choice D, hemoglobin levels, are essential for evaluating anemia but are not the primary lab value for monitoring HIV.
5. A toddler is being admitted to the hospital after an Acetaminophen overdose. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering to this patient?
- A. Acetylcysteine
- B. Pegfilgrastim
- C. Misoprostol
- D. Naltrexone
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In cases of Acetaminophen overdose, acetylcysteine is the antidote of choice. Acetylcysteine helps prevent liver damage by replenishing depleted glutathione levels, which is essential for detoxifying acetaminophen metabolites. Pegfilgrastim is a medication used to stimulate white blood cell production, Misoprostol is a medication for preventing stomach ulcers, and Naltrexone is used for treating opioid addiction and alcoholism, but none of these are indicated for Acetaminophen overdose.
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