ATI RN
ATI Anatomy and Physiology
1. Which of the following is a role of platelets in hemostasis?
- A. formation of plugs
- B. promotion of vasodilation
- C. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
- D. activation of calcium
Correct answer: formation of plugs
Rationale: Platelets play a crucial role in hemostasis by forming plugs to stop bleeding. Choice B is incorrect because platelets do not promote vasodilation; instead, they help in vasoconstriction. Choice C is incorrect as the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin is a function of the coagulation cascade involving various clotting factors, not platelets. Choice D is incorrect as platelets do not directly activate calcium; instead, they play a role in the activation of other clotting factors.
2. Which of the following processes does not help maintain the life of an individual organism?
- A. Responsiveness
- B. Movement
- C. Reproduction
- D. Respiration
Correct answer: C: Reproduction
Rationale: Reproduction is the correct answer because it is not essential for maintaining the life of an individual organism. While reproduction is crucial for the continuation of a species, it is not directly related to the survival or maintenance of an individual organism. Responsiveness allows an organism to react to stimuli, movement helps in obtaining resources and avoiding danger, and respiration provides the necessary energy for life processes. Therefore, reproduction is the process that does not directly contribute to maintaining the life of an individual organism.
3. What is the main function of the digestive system?
- A. Formation of cells
- B. Movement of body parts
- C. Absorption of nutrients
- D. Providing oxygen for the extraction of energy from nutrients
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Absorption of nutrients. The main function of the digestive system is to break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body to provide energy and support bodily functions. Choice A, 'Formation of cells,' is incorrect as cell formation is not the primary function of the digestive system; it is more related to processes like cell division and growth. Choice B, 'Movement of body parts,' is incorrect as this is more related to the muscular system, which controls body movements. Choice D, 'Providing oxygen for the extraction of energy from nutrients,' is incorrect because providing oxygen is primarily the function of the respiratory system, which is responsible for breathing and oxygen exchange in the body, not the digestive system.
4. What is the most useful application of ultrasonography for diagnostic examination?
- A. dense organs, such as bones.
- B. air-filled organs, such as lungs.
- C. soft internal structures, such as fetuses.
- D. microscopic structures.
Correct answer: soft internal structures, such as fetuses.
Rationale: Ultrasonography is a medical imaging technique that uses sound waves to visualize internal body structures. It is particularly effective for examining soft tissues like organs, blood vessels, and fetuses. Choice A is incorrect because bones are better visualized using techniques like X-rays. Choice B is incorrect as air-filled organs like lungs are not well visualized with ultrasound due to air being a poor conductor of sound waves. Choice D is incorrect since ultrasonography cannot visualize structures at a microscopic level, as it is used for larger internal structures.
5. Calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by which of the following glands?
- A. Hypothalamus gland
- B. Thyroid gland
- C. Pituitary gland
- D. Parathyroid glands
Correct answer: Parathyroid glands
Rationale: The correct answer is Parathyroid glands. The parathyroid glands are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood by secreting parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH helps increase calcium levels in the blood when they are too low. The other glands listed, such as the Hypothalamus, Thyroid, and Pituitary glands, do not directly control calcium concentration in the blood.
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